Early Socio-Emotional Difficulty as a Childhood Barrier to the Expected Benefits of Active Play: Associated Risks for School Engagement in Adolescence.

Active play allows children to develop social and cognitive skills, which could lead to higher school engagement. Little is known about the role of child socioemotional difficulty in these associations. This study aims to examine the interaction between active play and socioemotional difficulty in childhood and their prospective association with academic engagement in adolescence.

Health-Related Field-Based Fitness Tests: Normative Values for Italian Primary School Children.

conducting fitness tests in educational settings can lead to advantages for both individuals and groups, beyond just enhancing fitness. With the aim of appropriately interpreting performance, this study was conducted to establish sex- and age-specific percentile normative data for a physical fitness (PF) protocol and to define a compound measure of physical performance. In this cross-sectional study, a short, feasible, and easy-to-administer test battery was performed for 5106 school children, aged 6-10 years.

Differences in Trunk Acceleration-Derived Gait Indexes in Stroke Subjects with and without Stroke-Induced Immunosuppression.

: Stroke-induced immunosuppression (SII) represents a negative rehabilitative prognostic factor associated with poor motor performance at discharge from a neurorehabilitation unit (NRB). This study aims to evaluate the association between SII and gait impairment at NRB admission. : Forty-six stroke patients (65.

Active Child, Accomplished Youth: Middle Childhood Active Leisure Fuels Academic Success by Emerging Adulthood.

: Physical activity is an important protective factor throughout life. However, little research has observed the associations between the practice of physical activity and academic success longitudinally, and none have done so with a pan-Canadian sample. This article aims to examine the prospective associations between active leisure in middle childhood and academic achievement in emerging adulthood, for both boys and girls, beyond several family factors.

Fatigue-Related Changes in Running Technique and Mechanical Variables After a Maximal Incremental Test in Recreational Runners.

Understanding the changes in running mechanics caused by fatigue is essential to assess its impact on athletic performance. Changes in running biomechanics after constant speed conditions are well documented, but the adaptive responses after a maximal incremental test are unknown. We compared the spatiotemporal, joint kinematics, elastic mechanism, and external work parameters before and after a maximal incremental treadmill test.

White light computer-aided optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps in routine clinical practice.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems could make the optical diagnosis (OD) of diminutive colorectal polyps (DCPs) more reliable and objective. This study was aimed at prospectively evaluating feasibility and diagnostic performance of AI-standalone and AI-assisted OD of DCPs in a real-life setting by using a white light-based system (GI Genius, Medtronic Co, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States). Consecutive colonoscopy outpatients with at least one DCP were evaluated by 11 endoscopists (5 experts and 6 non-experts in OD).

Are incremental exercise relationships between rating of perceived exertion and oxygen uptake or heart rate reserve valid during steady-state exercises?

Background: Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is considered a valid method for prescribing prolonged aerobic steady-state exercise (SSE) intensity due to its association with physiological indicators of exercise intensity, such as oxygen uptake (V̇O) or heart rate (HR). However, these associations between psychological and physiological indicators of exercise intensity were found during graded exercise tests (GXT) but are currently used to prescribe SSE intensity even though the transferability and validity of the relationships found during GXT to SSE were not investigated. The present study aims to verify whether (a) RPE-HR or RPE-V̇O relations found during GXTs are valid during SSEs, and (b) the duration and intensity of SSE affect these relations.

Inflammation and physical activity in multiple sclerosis patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Due to the inflammatory nature of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most widely used therapeutic approach targets the immune response but can comprise side effects (e.g. secondary immunosuppression).

The role of stroke-induced immunosuppression as a predictor of functional outcome in the neurorehabilitation setting.

Stroke affects the interconnection between the nervous and immune systems, leading to a down-regulation of immunity called stroke-induced immunosuppression (SII). The primary aim of this study is to investigate SII role as a predictor of functional, neurological, and motor outcomes in the neurorehabilitation setting (NRB). We conducted a prospective observational study enrolling post-acute stroke patients hospitalized for neurorehabilitation.

Biomechanical, physiological and anthropometrical predictors of performance in recreational runners.

Background: The maximal running speed (V) determined on a graded treadmill test is well-recognized as a running performance predictor. However, few studies have assessed the variables that predict V in recreationally active runners.

Methods: We used a mathematical procedure combining Fick's law and metabolic cost analysis to verify the relation between (1) V versus anthropometric and physiological determinants of running performance and, (2) theoretical metabolic cost versus running biomechanical parameters.

Comparing accuracy of tomosynthesis plus digital mammography or synthetic 2D mammography in breast cancer screening: baseline results of the MAITA RCT consortium.

Aim: The analyses here reported aim to compare the screening performance of digital tomosynthesis (DBT) versus mammography (DM).

Methods: MAITA is a consortium of four Italian trials, REtomo, Proteus, Impeto, and MAITA trial. The trials adopted a two-arm randomised design comparing DBT plus DM (REtomo and Proteus) or synthetic-2D (Impeto and MAITA trial) versus DM; multiple vendors were included.

Texture and color enhancement imaging versus high definition white-light endoscopy for detection of colorectal neoplasia: a randomized trial.

Background:  Texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) was recently proposed as a substitute for standard high definition white-light imaging (WLI) to increase lesion detection during colonoscopy. This international, multicenter randomized trial assessed the efficacy of TXI in detection of colorectal neoplasia.

Methods:  Consecutive patients aged ≥ 40 years undergoing screening, surveillance, or diagnostic colonoscopies at five centers (Italy, Germany, Japan) between September 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled.

Rapid on-site evaluation improves the sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for solid pancreatic lesions irrespective of technique: A single-centre experience.

Objective: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the first-line technique for the sampling of pancreatic lesions. Many factors can influence the diagnostic performance of this procedure, including the use of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). The primary aim of this study was to compare the adequacy, diagnostic yield, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of EUS-FNA for solid pancreatic lesions before and after the introduction of ROSE.

Determinants of Dual-task Gait Speed in Older Adults with and without Parkinson's Disease.

Mobility difficulties for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) are more pronounced when they perform a simultaneous cognitive task while walking. Although it is known that neurodegeneration results in widespread motor and brain impairments, few studies have comprehensively examined possible physical and mental determinants of dual task walking in PwPD. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate if and how muscle strength (sit-to-stand 30-sec test), cognition (mini-mental state examination) and functionality (timed up and go test) affect walking performance (10-meter walking test) with and without arithmetic dual task from older adults with and without Parkinson's disease.

Effects of aging on arm coordination at different walking speeds.

Background: Previous work has shown that the mean continuous relative phase and coordination variability of lower limbs are modified in older adults when walking.

Research Question: Here, we propose to understand the extent to which such control mechanisms for upper limbs are present during gait. Specifically, we seek to understand if aging and gait speed constraints influence the interjoint control of upper limbs during walking.

AI-based opportunistic CT screening of incidental cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia: cost-effectiveness analysis.

Purpose: To assess the cost-effectiveness and clinical efficacy of AI-assisted abdominal CT-based opportunistic screening for atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia using artificial intelligence (AI) body composition algorithms.

Methods: Markov models were constructed and 10-year simulations were performed on hypothetical age- and sex-specific cohorts of 10,000 U.S.

Barriers to exercise and the role of general practitioner: A cross-sectional survey among people with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Regular exercise is strongly recommended for people with MS (pwMS), but recent studies still describe them as sedentary and insufficiently active. The purpose of this study is to identify the major barriers that prevent pwMS from exercising and underline the importance of the general practitioner (GP) in promoting an active lifestyle.

Materials And Methods: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire among pwMS.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Colonoscopy Surveillance After Polyp Removal: A Pooled Analysis of Randomized Trials.

Background And Aims: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools aimed at improving polyp detection have been shown to increase the adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy. However, it is unknown how increased polyp detection rates by AI affect the burden of patient surveillance after polyp removal.

Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of 9 randomized controlled trials (5 in China, 2 in Italy, 1 in Japan, and 1 in the United States) comparing colonoscopy with or without AI detection aids.

Bilateral coordination of gait at self-selected and fast speed in patients with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by progressive demyelinating deterioration of nervous tissues in the brain and cord, leading to a disruption in the ability of parts of the nervous system to transmit signals. Although dorsal column pathways are compromised in neuropathological studies, gait control assessments, especially on speed effects, have been understudied in MS.

Objective: This study aimed to compare bilateral coordination of gait in subjects with MS at self-selected and fast speed and to relate these findings to disease severity (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)) and age.

A randomised controlled trial of digital breast tomosynthesis vs digital mammography as primary screening tests: Screening results over subsequent episodes of the Proteus Donna study.

Proteus Donna is a randomised controlled trial aimed at prospectively evaluating screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), including interval cancer detection (ICD) and cancer detection (CD) in the analysis as a cumulative measure over subsequent screening episodes. Consenting women aged 46 to 68 attending the regional Breast Screening Service were randomly assigned to conventional digital mammography (DM, control arm) or DBT in addition to DM (DBT, study arm). At the subsequent round all participants underwent DM.