Scoping Review of Current Costing Literature on Interventions to Reach Zero-Dose Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

A limited number of studies focus on estimating the costs of interventions to increase childhood immunization coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Existing reviews often compare estimated costs but lack information on the methods used. The objective of this review is to summarize the methods used in costing studies that assessed interventions to reach zero-dose (ZD) children.

Soil attributes and leaf litter composition in forest communities of the Brazilian Pantanal.

Leaf litter is an important component related to nutrient cycling and conservation of soil biodiversity. In this context, the objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between soil and leaf litter in different forest communities in sub-regions of the Pantanal (Nhecolândia and Abobral/Miranda). To this end, we collected soil and leaf litter samples from 152 sample plots divided in physiognomies regionally called as Cordilheira, Capão, Murundu, Corixo and Cambará/Canjiqueira forest.

Assessing Melting and Solid-Solid Transition Properties of Choline Chloride via Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Choline chloride (ChCl) is used extensively as a hydrogen bond donor in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). However, determining its melting properties experimentally is challenging due to decomposition upon melting, leading to widely varying literature values. Accurate melting properties are crucial for understanding the solid-liquid phase behavior of ChCl-containing DESs.

Real-world clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies in patients with moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease in Argentina: Data from the RISE-AR study.

Objective: Real-world evidence on the adoption of different pharmacological strategies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Latin America is scarce. Herein, we describe real-world sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and different therapeutic approaches used in patients with IBD in Argentina.

Methods: RISE AR (NCT03488030) was a multicenter, non-interventional study with a cross-sectional evaluation and a 3-year retrospective chart review conducted in Argentina.

Polarized Bimetallic Site Synergy in Ionic Structures of Cu(II), Fe(III), and Mn(III) Porphyrins: Electrochemistry and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics.

Binuclear catalytic sites attained in a controlled way with complementary and cooperative metal ion centers are highly relevant in the development of new or enhanced catalytic processes. Herein, binuclear sites carrying Fe(III), Cu(II), or Mn(III) metal ions with a polarized structure have been prepared using the ionic self-assembly of oppositely charged metalloporphyrins. Binary porphyrin structures (BIPOS) have been prepared based on metalloporphyrin cations carrying pyridinium or methylpyridinium groups in conjugation with metalloporphyrin anions carrying sulfonatophenyl groups.

DECENTRALIZED IMMUNIZATION MONITORING: LESSONS LEARNED FROM FOUR STATES - NIGERIA.

Background: Low immunization coverage in Nigeria accounts for 2.3 million children with zero doses, increasing morbidity and mortality. The government prioritizes 100 local government areas for strategic interventions aiming for a 15% reduction in zero-dose (ZD) children by 2024.

Identifying the zero-dose and under-immunized children in Bangladesh: Approaches and experiences.

This paper presents and elaborates on empirical methods and approaches used to identify Zero-Dose (ZD) and Under-immunized (UI) children as well as the communities that these children reside in within Bangladesh. This paper also describes demand- and supply side-barriers that lead to children being ZD and UI in the country. Time period for the study was December 2022-May 2023.

Exploring the landscape of routine immunization in Nigeria: A scoping review of barriers and facilitators.

Background: Despite global efforts to improve vaccination coverage, the number of zero-dose and under-immunized children has increased in Africa, particularly in Nigeria, which has over 2.1 million unvaccinated (zero dose) children, the highest in the continent. This scoping review systematically maps and summarizes existing literature on the barriers and facilitators of immunization in Nigeria, focusing on regional inequalities.

Anthropogenic Fingerprint Detectable in Upper Tropospheric Ozone Trends Retrieved from Satellite.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is a strong greenhouse gas, particularly in the upper troposphere (UT). Limited observations point to a continuous increase in UT O in recent decades, but the attribution of UT O changes is complicated by large internal climate variability. We show that the anthropogenic signal ("fingerprint") in the patterns of UT O increases is distinguishable from the background noise of internal variability.

The potential influence of microplastics on the microbiome and disease susceptibility in sea turtles.

Microplastics (MPs) are particles with sizes of ≤5 mm formed when plastic materials break down. These contaminants are often found in marine environments, making it easy for sea turtles to ingest them and for their microbiome to be exposed. MPs can disrupt microbiome balance, leading to dysbiosis and making organisms more susceptible to diseases.

Granulomatous Salpingo-oophoritis Secondary to Crohn's Disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) represents a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease and can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, with the capacity to affect extraintestinal organs. Salpingo-oophoritis is an uncommon manifestation of CD. There is only a limited number of documented case reports.

Beyond pathogens: the intriguing genetic legacy of endogenous retroviruses in host physiology.

The notion that viruses played a crucial role in the evolution of life is not a new concept. However, more recent insights suggest that this perception might be even more expansive, highlighting the ongoing impact of viruses on host evolution. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are considered genomic remnants of ancient viral infections acquired throughout vertebrate evolution.

Prevalence of and factors associated with zero-dose and under-immunized children in selected areas of Bangladesh: Findings from Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Survey.

Background: In the era of Gavi's 5.0 vision of "leaving no one behind with immunization", childhood routine vaccination in missed communities is considered as a priority concern. Despite having a success story at the national level, low uptake of immunization is still persistent in selected pocket areas of Bangladesh.

Measuring Zero-Dose Children: Reflections on Age Cohort Flexibilities for Targeted Immunization Surveys at the Local Level.

Zero-dose (ZD) children is a critical objective in global health, and it is at the heart of the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) strategy. Coverage for the first dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP1)-containing vaccine is the global operational indicator used to estimate ZD children. When surveys are used, DTP1 coverage estimates usually rely on information reported from caregivers of children aged 12-23 months.

Plasmid-encoded toxin of cleaves complement system proteins and inhibits complement-mediated lysis .

Plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet) is an autotransporter protein of the serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) family, important in the pathogenicity of . The gene was initially found in the enteroaggregative (EAEC) virulence plasmid, pAA2. Although this virulence factor was initially described in EAEC, an intestinal pathotype, may also be present in other pathotypes, including extraintestinal pathogenic strains (ExPEC).

Ornithogenesis and soil-landscape interplays at northern Harmony Point, Nelson Island, Maritime Antarctica.

Understanding the influence of soil-forming factors and processes in ornithogenic soils is important to predict impacts of climate change on Antarctic ecosystems. Herein, we analyzed the soil-landscape interplays and development of ornithogenic soils at Harmony Point (HP), Nelson Island. We collected, described, and classified 24 soil profiles, combined with vegetation and landforms descriptions.

Airway epithelial cells and macrophages trigger IL-6-CD95/CD95L axis and mediate initial immunopathology of COVID-19.

Airway epithelial cells (AEC) infected with SARS-CoV-2 may drive the dysfunction of macrophages during COVID-19. We hypothesized that the direct interaction of AEC with macrophages mediated by CD95/CD95L or indirect interaction mediated by IL-6 signaling are key steps for the COVID-19 severe acute inflammation. The interaction of macrophages with apoptotic and infected AEC increased CD95 and CD163 expression, and induced macrophage death.

Soil-vegetation relationship in savanic formations of the Jalapão, Brazil.

Understanding the influence of fine-scale abiotic filters on plant communities can provide important insights into floristic patterns of the Brazilian Cerrado. We aimed to evaluate the interactions of the soil and the plant community composition with their distribution in different sandy environments of Brazilian Cerrado, the Jalapão region. Eight environments were sampled, each with ten plots of 20 × 50 m.

Effect of physical exercise on the functional capacity of patients with liver cirrhosis: systematic review with meta-analysis.

In this paper, we verify the effect of physical exercise on the functional capacity of people diagnosed with liver cirrhosis (LC). Inclusion criteria were people with LC, at any stage of the disease, over 18 years of age, of either sex, who performed any type of physical exercise in comparison with any other intervention or no intervention, obtaining functional capacity as the outcome, of the controlled and randomized experimental studies. The search for articles was carried out in 11 databases.

Different bacterial cargo in apoptotic cells drive distinct macrophage phenotypes.

The removal of dead cells (efferocytosis) contributes to the resolution of the infection and preservation of the tissue. Depending on the environment milieu, macrophages may show inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. Inflammatory leukocytes are recruited during infection, followed by the accumulation of infected and non-infected apoptotic cells (AC).

Preventing Production Escape Using an Engineered Glucose-Inducible Genetic Circuit.

A proper balance of metabolic pathways is crucial for engineering microbial strains that can efficiently produce biochemicals on an industrial scale while maintaining cell fitness. High production loads can negatively impact cell fitness and hinder industrial-scale production. To address this, fine-tuning gene expression using engineered promoters and genetic circuits can promote control over multiple targets in pathways and reduce the burden.