Publications by authors named "Cornille Amandine"
Article Synopsis
- Somatic variations in 'Fuji' apple can lead to beneficial bud sports, which are key for breeding new apple traits.
- A complete genome assembly of 'Fuji' has revealed multiple independent origins of spur-type and early-maturing traits among its clones.
- The study identifies specific genetic changes, such as a deletion in the MdTCP11 gene, that influence growth characteristics and offer insight for future apple breeding efforts.
Article Synopsis
- A wide variety of mating systems exist in nature, with Basidiomycete fungi typically having two mating-type loci (HD and PR) that control compatibility, usually located on different chromosomes.
- In certain Microbotryum anther-smut fungi, these loci have undergone chromosomal fusions, leading to large regions without recombination and evolutionary changes.
- Research on three Microbotryum species revealed that the HD genes lost their function in controlling mating compatibility, with mating now relying solely on the PR factor, showcasing a significant evolutionary transition.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the genetic divergence of apples in the Caucasus and Iran, focusing on wild and cultivated varieties using 26 microsatellite markers from 550 samples.
- Researchers identified two genetically distinct cultivated apple populations in Iran, which originated from specific domestication events of Malus orientalis, diverging from the standard domesticated apple (Malus domestica).
- The findings highlight Iran's significance in apple domestication history, the role of gene flow between wild and cultivated apples, and the influence of climate change on genetic diversity, setting the stage for future conservation and breeding efforts.
Article Synopsis
- Coevolution involves complex interactions between species, ranging from mutualistic relationships to host-parasite dynamics, driving adaptation within ecosystems.
- Despite its importance, there is a lack of understanding regarding the genomic processes that facilitate coevolution in natural environments, particularly how species interact with changing ecological conditions.
- The text highlights recent advancements in coevolutionary theory and genomics, identifies gaps in knowledge, and suggests a framework for studying coevolution through ecological genomics that considers both spatial and temporal factors.
Article Synopsis
- - The study explores how phenotypic plasticity, adaptive potential, and demographic history influence the colonization success of the shepherd's purse, a widespread weed.
- - Large common gardens were established in Europe and Asia to assess variations in life-history traits among genetic clusters representing different regions.
- - Findings indicate that high phenotypic plasticity significantly enhances the plant's performance, while genetic cluster differences also contribute to phenotypic variation, demonstrating the importance of both factors in the species' range expansion.
Article Synopsis
- The domestication of long-lived plant perennials, like apples, involves significant genetic exchange between wild and cultivated varieties, unlike annual plants.
- This study examined how wild apple species, especially those from East Asia and Europe, contribute to the genetics of cultivated apples, revealing distinct evolutionary paths for European and Chinese apples.
- Findings indicated that wild species like Malus baccata and Malus sylvestris played key roles in the genetic makeup of cultivated apples through a process called wild-to-crop introgression, highlighting the complexity of apple domestication.
Article Synopsis
- The importance of crop wild relatives (CWR), landraces, and cultivated genepools in enhancing plant diversity and food production has been a significant topic since Darwin's era.
- These genetic resources are crucial for increasing resilience and adaptability in agricultural systems, especially in the face of climate change.
- Understanding their roles can help improve crop breeding and sustainability, ultimately supporting food security for growing populations.
Article Synopsis
- Fruit maturation and softening significantly affect the shelf-life of climacteric tomatoes, with ethylene being a crucial factor in this process.
- The study identified two related proteins, SlACO1 and SlE8, which are highly expressed during ripening but did not find natural mutations that impair their functions.
- By using TILLING techniques, potential alleles (slaco1-1, slaco1-2, sle8-1, sle8-2) for improving shelf-life and ripening speed in tomatoes were identified, emphasizing the roles of SlACO1 and SlE8 in ethylene production for post-harvest management.
A road-map of the genetic and phenotypic diversities in both crops and their wild related species can help identifying valuable genetic resources for further crop breeding. The clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.), a perfume, medicinal and aromatic plant, is used for sclareol production and ornamental purposes.
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- The apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca) serves as a useful model for studying how plants evolve and adapt, with the analysis of nearly 600 apricot genomes leading to significant findings.
- There are two main genetic groups of apricots, Chinese and European, each having high genetic diversity due to separate domestication from distinct Central Asian wild populations and some gene mixing afterward.
- Although both groups show similar physical traits, they have different regions of their genomes influenced by natural selection, particularly in areas related to life cycles, fruit quality, and disease resistance, with European apricots exhibiting more selection signals overall.
Article Synopsis
- * The review highlights three new methods—co-GWAS, population genomics extensions, and temporal correlations—that help identify coevolving genetic loci and reconstruct coevolutionary history.
- * The authors discuss the principles, advantages, and limitations of these approaches across various organisms and note the need for further research to enhance understanding of coevolution through full genome data.
Article Synopsis
- * The study focused on Arabidopsis lyrata, where some North American populations have recently transitioned to selfing, while European populations remain outcrossing, to analyze the effects of mating system shifts on hybrid seed viability.
- * Findings indicated that interactions between parental genomes in hybrid seeds result in significant seed lethality due to disturbances in endosperm cellularization, primarily driven by the divergent evolution of the paternal genome, suggesting multiple factors contribute to postzygotic reproductive isolation.
The European crabapple Malus sylvestris, a crop wild relative of Malus domestica, is a major contributor to the cultivated apple genome and represents a potential source of interesting alleles or genes, particularly pest resistance traits. An original approach was used to explore the trophic interaction between M. sylvestris populations and its pest, the rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea).
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- The study examines how the population genetic structures of anther-smut fungi (Microbotryum) and their host plants (Silene nutans and Silene italica) provide insights into their shared evolutionary histories.
- Researchers genotyped 171 plant-pathogen pairs and found distinct fungal populations corresponding to different host plant species, indicating a relationship shaped by their separation in glacial refugia.
- The results suggest that the evolutionary divergence of the fungi aligns with that of their host plants, with evidence of ancient isolation and no recent gene flow, enhancing our understanding of host-pathogen co-evolution in natural ecosystems.*
Article Synopsis
- Domestication is crucial for understanding species diversification, particularly in perennial plants like fruit trees, compared to annual crops.
- This study analyzed wild and cultivated apricot species across Eurasia using genetic markers, revealing genetic clusters and hybridization effects among different species.
- The research identified three distinct domestication events for apricots in Europe, Central Asia, and China, indicating ancient gene flow and extensive genetic mixing among cultivated varieties.
Article Synopsis
- Anther-smut fungi are an effective model for studying host-pathogen relationships, as they are specialized on Caryophyllaceae plants and manipulate their hosts' reproductive systems to spread disease.
- These fungi exhibit unique genomic features, including dimorphic mating-type chromosomes, which make them ideal for exploring the evolution of mating systems and their effects on genetic structures and adaptation.
- Recent genomic techniques have provided new insights into adaptation, coevolution, and host specialization, while also presenting challenges and future research directions to deepen our understanding of fungal pathogen adaptability.
Article Synopsis
- The apple is a key global fruit crop and serves as a model for studying the evolution and domestication of crops that are grown for multiple seasons.
- Research using various scientific approaches has tracked the history and speed at which apples have been cultivated across Eurasia.
- Combining archeobotanical studies with genetics can reveal important traits that contributed to apple domestication, which could enhance modern apple breeding methods.
Article Synopsis
- The first whole genome sequence (WGS) for apple was published in 2010, serving as a crucial reference for gene mapping and discovery, followed by a high-quality update in 2017.
- These genomic advancements have significantly enhanced our understanding of apple biology, trait inheritance, and improved techniques for crop enhancement and breeding.
- The review discusses practical breakthroughs, ongoing challenges, and future recommendations for upgrading the apple genome data to further advance genomics research in apple cultivation.
Article Synopsis
- Hybrid seed lethality is a significant reproductive barrier in flowering plants, hindering gene flow and complicating plant breeding due to issues with the endosperm tissue that nourishes the embryo.
- The study in the genus Capsella indicates that the effective ploidy (or endosperm balance number) is correlated with the number and expression of paternally expressed genes (PEGs), suggesting that gene dosage imbalances contribute to hybrid seed failure.
- The research found a trend where species with a history of self-fertilization have fewer PEGs and lower effective ploidy, implicating transposable elements and their epigenetic regulation in the evolution of reproductive barriers among these plant species.
Article Synopsis
- Understanding domestication is key for predicting how species, like the olive, will adapt to human influences and future environmental changes.
- The olive tree plays a significant role in Mediterranean culture and agriculture, but there are still many unanswered questions about its domestication history.
- Comprehensive studies combining various scientific approaches are needed to fully uncover the ecological and genetic changes associated with olive domestication.
Article Synopsis
- * This study focused on the molecular variation of Microbotryum pathogens across different Dianthus species in the southern European Alps, finding overlapping host specificities and frequent co-occurrence of distinct pathogen lineages.
- * The sympatric presence of these lineages led to hybridization, resulting in admixed genotypes that exhibited significant meiotic sterility, highlighting the impact of host specificity on pathogen competition and genetic integrity.
Article Synopsis
- Crop-to-wild gene flow poses risks to the European crab-apple, impacting its fitness and genetic integrity due to hybridization with domesticated varieties.
- Research utilized microsatellite markers and growth experiments to assess hybridization rates, ancestry impacts on fitness, and pollen dispersal in these trees.
- Findings revealed significant gene flow, with hybrids showing better fitness compared to wild counterparts, and highlighted issues like poor genetic diversity in reintroduction efforts, leading to recommendations for better conservation strategies.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the genetic relationship between the anther-smut pathogen Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae and its host plant Silene latifolia at a detailed within-species level, focusing on samples from Europe.
- Researchers found a significant congruence in the genetic structures of the host and pathogen, identifying three closely related genetic clusters corresponding to specific geographic regions in Western and Eastern Europe and Italy.
- Inoculation experiments indicated that the host plant shows local adaptation to the pathogen, suggesting that coevolution and competition may play important roles in shaping this relationship, while both organisms have remained relatively isolated since the last glaciation.