2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Management of symptomatic urinary stones.

The acute situation, caused by an obstructive stone, is defined by a renal colic that may be uncomplicated, complicated, or at risk in specific conditions. Its management may be medical or require interventional treatment by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, endoscopic removal, or ureteroscopy. METHODOLOGY: These recommendations were developed using two methods, the Clinical Practice Recommendations (CPR) and the ADAPTE method, in function of whether the question was considered in the European Association of Urology (EAU) recommendations (https://uroweb.

Time-resolved near backscatter imaging system on Laser MegaJoule.

The newly operating near-backscattering imaging (NBI) system on the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) is briefly described with emphasis on the temporally resolved measurements and their synchronization with the LMJ laser pulse through target shots taken as part of the diagnostic commissioning campaign. The NBI measures the stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattered light around two quadruplets (one inner and one outer) of the upper LMJ hemisphere. The temporal resolution is achieved with a unique system: a specifically designed wide-open optical lens images 40 points of a diffuser onto an array of optical fibers with the scattered light recorded on a multiplexed photodiode array.

Professional Status of Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Patients after Spinal Surgery (PSPS-T2): What Really Matters? A Prospective Study Introducing the Concept of "Adapted Professional Activity" Inferred from Clinical, Psychological and Social Influence.

Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Type 2 (PSPS-T2) represents a main cause of work disruption. Beyond its societal consequences, occupational inactivity is responsible for a major decrease in physical/mental health in individuals but remains poorly analyzed. We designed a study to prospectively examine Professional Status (PS) evolution and its association with key bio-psychological markers.

Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Type 2 (PSPS-T2), a Social Pain? Advocacy for a Social Gradient of Health Approach to Chronic Pain.

The Social Gradient of Health (SGH), or position in the social hierarchy, is one of the major determinants of health. It influences the development and evolution of many chronic diseases. Chronic pain dramatically affects individual and social condition.

Clinical outcome of patients with self-inflicted burns.

Introduction: Patients with self-inflicted burns (SIB) are thought to have a longer length of stay compared to patients with accidental burns. However, other predictors for a longer length of stay are often not taken into account, e.g.

[Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on birth outcomes].

Background: Endocrine disruptors are ubiquitous chemicals contaminants in the environment, wildlife, and humans. Their adverse effects on reproduction are well-documented. There is growing evidence that they can contribute to the current emergence of chronic diseases.

Depression prevalence and primary care among vulnerable patients at a free outpatient clinic in Paris, France, in 2010: results of a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Data on the prevalence of depression and on how a depressive episode prompts the sufferer to seek primary care are not scarce, but the available evidence on the prevalence of depression among immigrants and poor people who frequent general practice facilities is scarce. The Baudelaire Outpatient Clinic at the Saint-Antoine Hospital in Paris provides free medical and social assistance to the poor and/or uninsured. The goal of our study was to estimate the prevalence of depression among these outpatients, to characterize this depressed population, and to analyze its demand for primary care for depressive episodes.

Initial experience of single-port surgery assisted by percutaneous instruments for gastric bypass: a combination of safety and minimally invasive surgery.

Background: We present here the first reported cases of patients undergoing gastric bypass with a hybrid technique that involves a new concept of percutaneous instruments and provides the advantages of minimally invasive single-port surgery while maintaining the triangulation, safety, and timing of operative procedures.

Methods: This was a prospective pilot study of eight patients selected for gastric bypass between December 2011 and January 2012 and treated by a technique that combined single SSL port and percutaneous surgical set PPS. We performed hand-sewn gastrojejunostomy in all cases.

Why GPs do not follow computerized guidelines: an attempt of explanation involving usability with ASTI guiding mode.

Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have the potential to increase guideline adherence, but factors of success are not well understood. ASTI-GM is an on demand guideline-based CDSS where the user interactively characterizes her patient by browsing the system knowledge base to obtain the recommended treatment. We conducted a web-based evaluation of ASTI-GM as a before-after study to assess whether the system improves general practitioners' (GPs) performance and how they would use it.

Production of interleukin-1alpha by human endometrial stromal cells is triggered during menses and dysfunctional bleeding and is induced in culture by epithelial interleukin-1alpha released upon ovarian steroids withdrawal.

Context: Endometrial breakdown during menstruation and dysfunctional bleeding is triggered by the abrupt expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including interstitial collagenase (MMP-1). The paracrine induction of MMP-1 in stromal cells via epithelium-derived IL-1alpha is repressed by ovarian steroids. However, the control by estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) of endometrial IL-1alpha expression and bioactivity remains unknown.

Efficacy and safety of abatacept or infliximab vs placebo in ATTEST: a phase III, multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate.

Objectives: This double-blind trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of abatacept or infliximab vs placebo. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the mean change from baseline in Disease Activity Score (based on erythrocyte sedimentation rates; DAS28 (ESR)) for the abatacept vs placebo groups at day 197.

Methods: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) were randomised 3:3:2 to abatacept ( approximately 10 mg/kg every 4 weeks, n = 156), infliximab (3 mg/kg every 8 weeks, n = 165), or placebo (every 4 weeks, n = 110) and background MTX.

Opposite regulation of transforming growth factors-beta2 and -beta3 expression in the human endometrium.

TGF-betas have been reported to mediate the repression by progesterone of several matrix metalloproteinases in the human endometrium, thereby preventing menstrual breakdown. Because of conflicting reports on the expression profiles, source, and regulation of the TGF-beta system in this tissue, we investigated by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA the expression of the three TGF-betas (total and mature forms) and their two receptors throughout the menstrual cycle, and their regulation by ovarian steroids in cultured explants including their microdissected epithelial and stromal compartments. Regulation by cAMP and MAPK was further investigated.

Recollection about Werner Forssmann as a surgeon.

The impact of Werner Forssmann on his clinical team during his time at the Protestant Hospital in Duesseldorf is described. Many residents came from foreign countries, especially from Argentina. The daily work of the clinics is depicted and the character of Werner Forssmann as a surgeon is understood from his education.

Response of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases messenger ribonucleic acids to ovarian steroids in human endometrial explants mimics their gene- and phase-specific differential control in vivo.

Context: Cyclic remodeling and breakdown of the extracellular matrix, a unique feature of the human endometrium, depends on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes are globally controlled by estradiol and progesterone or their withdrawal, but various MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) show distinct responses.

Objective And Design: To clarify the role of ovarian steroids in the differential regulation of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-10, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 mRNAs, we compared their variations in the cycling endometrium in vivo with their response to hormone addition or withdrawal in corresponding explants.

Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9/gelatinase B expression and activation by ovarian steroids and LEFTY-A/endometrial bleeding-associated factor in the human endometrium.

Various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in the menstrual breakdown of the human endometrium. MMP-9/gelatinase B is proposed as a major factor because it degrades many extracellular matrix constituents, including in the vasculature. Although globally under ovarian steroids control, endometrial MMP-9 seems expressed differently than other MMPs, and conflicting publications prevent a clear understanding of its regulation.

Regulation and function of LEFTY-A/EBAF in the human endometrium. mRNA expression during the menstrual cycle, control by progesterone, and effect on matrix metalloprotineases.

The human endometrium is a unique tissue that is periodically shed during menstruation. Although overall triggered by ovarian steroids withdrawal, menstrual induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and resulting tissue breakdown are focal responses, pointing to additional local modulators. LEFTY-A, a novel member of the transforming growth factor-beta family identified originally as an endometrial bleeding-associated factor (EBAF), is a candidate for this local control.

Circulating ovarian steroids and endometrial matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Recent studies strongly suggest that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the initiation of menstrual bleeding in the human endometrium upon the fall of ovarian steroid serum concentrations by inducing the degradation of the extracellular matrix of this mucosa. MMPs are also involved in abnormal endometrial bleeding and have been identified in endometriotic foci. In all cases, they are associated with areas of extracellular matrix breakdown.

Epidemiological analysis of patients with Type 2 diabetes in France.

This paper presents the baseline epidemiological data from 5548 patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in a French observational study that aims to examine the safety, tolerability and use of acarbose as prescribed by general practitioners (GPs). Patients were recruited and monitored by a representative sample of GPs. Recruitment did not depend on a patient's suitability for acarbose treatment.

Enumeration of total viable microorganisms in an antibiotic raw material using ChemScan solid phase cytometer.

A preliminary study was performed for the enumeration of microorganism contamination of the macrolide antibiotic, Spiramycin, using epifluorescence with the ChemScan solid phase cytometer. The artificial spiking of Spiramycin powder antibiotic with pure culture of four microorganisms led to complete recovery of the tested organisms, whatever their sensitivity to the bacteriostatic activity of the drug. With the conventional plate method run in parallel, complete recovery was only obtained for Spiramycin resistant organisms.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection and tropical spastic paraparesis in Belgian expatriates.

A case of HTLV-1 associated tropical spastic paraparesis is described in a Belgian nun who had been working as a midwife in Central Africa. Occupational exposure was the only risk factor identified. Among 2,482 Belgian expatriates in tropical countries, 92% of whom had resided in sub-Saharan Africa for an average of 15.

[Natural inhibitor of metalloproteinases: structural and functional study].

A potent collagenase inhibitor was purified from cells of calf aorta medial tissue maintained in culture. This molecule was characterized and identified as TIMP (Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases). Formation of a TIMP--collagenase complex was demonstrated chromatographically using pure TIMP and pure pig synovial cell collagenase.