Development of behavioral rules for upstream orientation of fish in confined space.

Improving the effectiveness of fishways requires a better understanding of fish behavior near hydraulic structures, especially of upstream orientation. One of the most promising approaches to this problem is the use of model behavioral rules. We developed a three-dimensional individual-based model based on observed brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) movement in a laboratory flume and tested it against two hydraulically different flume setups.

Clinical findings and management of patients with meningitis with an emphasis on Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in rural Tanzania.

Introduction: The spectrum of meningitis pathogens differs depending on the age of patients and the geographic region, amongst other. Although meningitis vaccination programs have led to the reduction of incidence rates, an imbalance between low- and high-income countries still exists.

Methods: In a hospital-based study in rural northern Tanzania, we consecutively recruited patients with confirmed meningitis and described their clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Profiling of isoflavonoids in Iris germanica rhizome extracts by microprobe NMR and HPLC-PDA-MS analysis.

Lipophilic and polar extracts of iris rhizomes (Iris germanica) were submitted to a phytochemical profiling by a combination of HPLC-PDA-MS and semi-preparative HPLC/off-line microprobe NMR measurements. A total of 20 compounds were purified in sub-milligram to milligram amounts via two successive chromatographic steps. They were identified as isoflavones, isoflavone glycosides and acetovanillone by analysis of on-line MS and PDA, and off-line NMR data.