Case Report: Acquired Disseminated BCG in the Context of a Delayed Immune Reconstitution After Hematological Malignancy.

Context: Disseminated infections due to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are unusual and occur mostly in patients with inborn error of immunity (IEI) or acquired immunodeficiency. However, cases of secondary BCGosis due to intravesical BCG instillation have been described. Herein, we present a case of severe BCGosis occurring in an unusual situation.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and sarcoidosis under interleukin 7: The price of healing.

Objective: To report the association of JC virus infection of the brain (progressive multifocal encephalopathy [PML]) during the course of sarcoidosis and the challenging balance between immune reconstitution under targeted cytokine interleukin 7 (IL7) therapy for PML and immunosuppression for sarcoidosis.

Methods: Original case report including deep sequencing (whole-exome sequencing) to exclude a primary immunodeficiency (PID) and review of the literature of cases of PML and sarcoidosis.

Results: We report and discuss here a challenging case of immune reconstitution with IL7 therapy for PML in sarcoidosis in a patient without evidence for underling PID or previous immunosuppressive therapy.

Chronic meningococcaemia and immunoglobulin A deficiency.

Chronic meningococcaemia is an unusual clinical presentation of Neisseria meningitidis infection. We describe the case of a patient, who presented with total IgA deficiency and partial IgM deficiency with a low switched memory B cells count, suggestive of a borderline form of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The role of IgA in the protection against Neisseria meningitidis, and the link between IgA deficiency and CVID are discussed.