Incidental findings of typical iNPH imaging signs in asymptomatic subjects with subclinical cognitive decline.

Background: The etiology of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) remains unclear. Little is known about the pre-symptomatic stage. This study aimed to investigate the association of neuropsychological data with iNPH-characteristic imaging changes compared to normal imaging and unspecific atrophy in a healthy population.

Impact of F-FET PET/MRI on Clinical Management of Brain Tumor Patients.

Multiparametric PET/MRI with the amino-acid analog -(2-F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (F-FET) enables the simultaneous assessment of molecular, morphologic, and functional brain tumor characteristics. Although it is considered the most accurate noninvasive approach in brain tumors, its relevance for patient management is still under debate. Here, we report the diagnostic performance of F-FET PET/MRI and its impact on clinical management in a retrospective patient cohort.

Structured Reporting of Acute Ischemic Stroke - Consensus-Based Reporting Templates for Non-Contrast Cranial Computed Tomography, CT Angiography, and CT Perfusion.

Purpose:  Structured reporting is an essential step in establishing standardized quality standards in diagnostic radiology. The German Society of Radiology and the German Society of Neuroradiology aim to provide templates for the structured reporting of different radiological examinations.

Method:  The Information Technology working group of the German Society of Radiology developed structured templates for the radiological reporting of different indications in consensus with specialist support by experts.

Glioma-Specific Diffusion Signature in Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity (MD) values from whole-brain diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parametric maps in preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images from 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System integrated glioma groups.

Methods: Seventy-seven patients with histopathologically confirmed treatment-naïve glioma were retrospectively assessed between 1 August 2013 and 30 October 2017. The area on scatter plots with a specific combination of MK and MD values, not occurring in the healthy brain, was labeled, and the corresponding voxels were visualized on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images.

Dynamic Susceptibility Perfusion Imaging for Differentiating Progressive Disease from Pseudoprogression in Diffuse Glioma Molecular Subtypes.

Rationale And Objectives: Advanced adjuvant therapy of diffuse gliomas can result in equivocal findings in follow-up imaging. We aimed to assess the additional value of dynamic susceptibility perfusion imaging in the differentiation of progressive disease (PD) from pseudoprogression (PsP) in different molecular glioma subtypes.

Materials And Methods: 89 patients with treated diffuse glioma with different molecular subtypes (IDH wild type (Astro-IDH), IDH mutant astrocytomas (Astro-IDH) and oligodendrogliomas), and tumor-suspect lesions on post-treatment follow-up imaging were classified into two outcome groups (PD or PsP) retrospectively by histopathology or clinical follow-up.

Longitudinal Reproducibility of CO2-Triggered BOLD MRI for the Hemodynamic Evaluation of Adult Patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy.

Background And Purpose: Hemodynamic evaluation of moyamoya patients is crucial to decide the treatment strategy. Recently, CO2-triggered BOLD MRI has been shown to be a promising tool for the hemodynamic evaluation of moyamoya patients. However, the longitudinal reliability of this technique in follow-up examinations is unknown.

Determinants of activity of brown adipose tissue in lymphoma patients.

The determinants of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity are not yet known in detail but might serve as future therapeutic targets against obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed 235 datasets of lymphoma patients with two PET/CT examinations at different time points retrospectively. We assessed the anthropometric characteristics, features related to the metabolic syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, season of the PET/CT examination, weight change, prior cancer history, lymphoma subgroups, disease activity, and specific lymphoma-related therapies, and evaluated their association with BAT activity.

Papillary tumor of the pineal region: a single-center experience.

Papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) is a rare entity. Its clinical presentation is diverse, and establishing an accurate and timely diagnosis may be challenging. Treatment recommendations are based on the evidence level of case series.

Association of dynamic susceptibility magnetic resonance imaging at initial tumor diagnosis with the prognosis of different molecular glioma subtypes.

Purpose: The updated 2016 CNS World Health Organization classification differentiates three main groups of diffuse glioma according to their molecular characteristics: astrocytic tumors with and without isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendrogliomas. The present study aimed to determine whether dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) is an independent prognostic marker within the molecular subgroups of diffuse glioma.

Methods: Fifty-six patients with treatment-naive gliomas and advanced preoperative MRI examination were assessed retrospectively.

Diffusion kurtosis imaging histogram parameter metrics predicting survival in integrated molecular subtypes of diffuse glioma: An observational cohort study.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the predictive value of preoperatively assessed diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics as prognostic factors in the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System integrated glioma groups.

Material And Methods: Seventy-seven patients with histopathologically confirmed treatment-naïve glioma were retrospectively assessed between 08/2013 and 10/2017 using mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity (MD) histogram parameters from DKI, overall and progression-free survival, and relevant prognostic molecular data (isocitrate dehydrogenase, [IDH]; alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked, [ATRX]; chromosome 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed on metric variables to determine the optimal cutoff-values.

Impact of diverse chemotherapeutic agents and external factors on activation of brown adipose tissue in a large patient collective.

Increased activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in adults is thought to prevent obesity. Therefore, regulators of BAT activity might serve as anti-obesity therapy in future, but are not investigated thoroughly up to now. In our study, we assessed retrospectively the association of BAT activity with several external factors and diverse chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents in a collective of 702 patients.

Contrast enhancement predicting survival in integrated molecular subtypes of diffuse glioma: an observational cohort study.

Introduction: To assess the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gadolinium enhancement as a prognostic factor in the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System integrated glioma groups.

Methods: Four-hundred fifty patients with histopathologically confirmed glioma were retrospectively assessed between 07/1997 and 06/2014 using gadolinium enhancement, survival, and relevant prognostic molecular data [isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH); alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX); chromosome 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity; and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)]. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess univariate survival data.

In Vivo Molecular Profiling of Human Glioma : Cross-Sectional Observational Study Using Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion magnetic resonance perfusion imaging (DSC-MRI) for in vivo human glioma molecular profiling.

Methods: In this study 100 patients with histopathologically confirmed glioma who provided written informed consent were retrospectively assessed between January 2016 and February 2017 in two prospective trials that were approved by the local institutional review board. Cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurements from DSC-MRI were assessed, and histogram parameters of relative CBV (rCBV) results were compared among World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 based histological findings and molecular characteristics.

Glioma grading by dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion and C-methionine positron emission tomography using different regions of interest.

Purpose: The use of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion and C-methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET) for glioma grading is currently not standardized. The purpose of this study was to identify regions of interest (ROIs) that enable the best performance and clinical applicability in both methods, as well as to evaluate the complementarity of DSC perfusion and MET-PET in spatial hotspot definition.

Methods: In 41 patient PET/MRI datasets, different ROIs were drawn: in T2-hyperintense tumour, in T2-hyperintense tumour and adjacent oedema and in tumour areas with contrast enhancement, altered perfusion or pathological radiotracer uptake.

Correlation of Brown Adipose Tissue with Other Body Fat Compartments and Patient Characteristics: A Retrospective Analysis in a Large Patient Cohort Using PET/CT.

Rationale And Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity with different fat compartments of the body, body mass index (BMI), outdoor temperature, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, blood glucose, age, and sex in a large patient population using F-18-fluordesoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computer tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scans obtained under thermoneutral conditions.

Materials And Methods: FDG-PET/CT scans of 4852 patients were retrospectively analyzed for BAT activity. The volumes of the different fat compartments visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), and liver fat, were assessed by computed tomography.

Histogram analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging estimates for in vivo assessment of 2016 WHO glioma grades: A cross-sectional observational study.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of histogram analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) maps for in vivo assessment of the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (2016 CNS WHO) integrated glioma grades.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-seven patients with histopathologically-confirmed glioma who provided written informed consent were retrospectively assessed between 01/2014 and 03/2017 from a prospective trial approved by the local institutional review board. Ten histogram parameters of mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity (MD) metrics from DKI were independently assessed by two blinded physicians from a volume of interest around the entire solid tumor.

Effect of Perfusion on Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Estimates for In Vivo Assessment of Integrated 2016 WHO Glioma Grades : A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Purpose: To assess the role of perfusion-related signal decay on diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) estimates for in vivo stratification of glioma according to the integrated approach of the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system (2016 CNS WHO).

Methods: In this study 77 patients with histopathologically confirmed glioma were retrospectively assessed between January 2013 and February 2017 in a prospective trial. Mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity (MD) metrics from DKI were assessed by two physicians blinded to the study from a volume of interest around the entire solid tumor.

Glioma Grading and Determination of IDH Mutation Status and ATRX loss by DCE and ASL Perfusion.

Purpose: To evaluate arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) perfusion in glioma grading according to the previous WHO classification of 2007, as well as concerning isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status and ATRX expression as required by the new WHO 2016 brain tumor classification.

Methods: The mean values of Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and Vp by DCE perfusion, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) by ASL perfusion were assessed retrospectively in 40 patients with initial glioma diagnosis. Perfusion parameters were correlated and compared concerning glioma grading, IDH mutation status and ATRX expression.

Self-navigated 4D cartesian imaging of periodic motion in the body trunk using partial k-space compressed sensing.

Purpose: To enable fast and flexible high-resolution four-dimensional (4D) MRI of periodic thoracic/abdominal motion for motion visualization or motion-corrected imaging.

Methods: We proposed a Cartesian three-dimensional k-space sampling scheme that acquires a random combination of k-space lines in the ky/kz plane. A partial Fourier-like constraint compacts the sampling space to one half of k-space.

In vivo molecular profiling of human glioma using diffusion kurtosis imaging.

The purpose of this study is to assess the diagnostic performance of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for in vivo molecular profiling of human glioma. Normalized mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity (MD) metrics from DKI were assessed in 50 patients with histopathologically confirmed glioma. The results were compared in regard to the WHO-based histological findings and molecular characteristics leading to integrated diagnosis (Haarlem Consensus): isocitrate-dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) mutation status, alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) expression, chromosome 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status.

Diagnosing Lung Nodules on Oncologic MR/PET Imaging: Comparison of Fast T1-Weighted Sequences and Influence of Image Acquisition in Inspiration and Expiration Breath-Hold.

Objective: First, to investigate the diagnostic performance of fast T1-weighted sequences for lung nodule evaluation in oncologic magnetic resonance (MR)/positron emission tomography (PET). Second, to evaluate the influence of image acquisition in inspiration and expiration breath-hold on diagnostic performance.

Materials And Methods: The study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board.