Shortcomings, limitations and gaps in physiological roles of extracellular vesicles in obesity.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in mediating communication between cells across species and kingdoms. The intercellular communication facilitated by EVs through autocrine and paracrine signalling mechanisms is essential for cell survival, maintaining normal metabolic functions and ensuring overall bodily homeostasis and health. Extracellular vesicles are present in various bodily fluids, such as pleural effusions, plasma, breast milk, amniotic fluid, semen and saliva.

Physical performance and technical specific skills of women football players with cerebral palsy.

This study aimed to determine the physical performance profile (ability to change direction, vertical and horizontal jump, sprint ability, and dribbling-specific skills) of the first women football players with cerebral palsy (CP) who participated in an international CP football competition, accounting for their sport classes. We also examined the relationships between the different physical performance variables. Forty-five female players with CP (24.

Socioeconomic disparities and the genomic landscape of gastric cancer.

The genomic characteristics of Peruvian patients with gastric adenocarcinoma from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds were examined in consideration of the possibility that patients from different socioeconomic backgrounds may be exposed to different risk factors. We conducted a prospective pilot study in two Peruvian cities (Lima and Ica). This study enrolled 15 patients from low socioeconomic status (LSES) and 15 patients from medium/high socioeconomic status (MHSES).

Chitosan-Cement Composite Mortars: Exploring Interactions, Structural Evolution, Environmental Footprint and Mechanical Performance.

The increasing environmental concerns about synthetic polymers as reinforcement in the construction industry have highlighted the need for eco-friendly, biodegradable fibers as potential alternative materials for cementitious composites. This study examines the influence of chitosan particle concentrations on the midterm compressive strength of mortars. Chitosan particles, derived from shrimp shells, were mixed with high early strength hydraulic cement at various percentages (0, 0.

GHSR in a Subset of GABA Neurons Controls Food Deprivation-Induced Hyperphagia in Male Mice.

The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), primarily known as the receptor for the hunger hormone ghrelin, potently controls food intake, yet the specific Ghsr-expressing cells mediating the orexigenic effects of this receptor remain incompletely characterized. Since Ghsr is expressed in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing neurons, we sought to investigate whether the selective expression of Ghsr in a subset of GABA neurons is sufficient to mediate GHSR's effects on feeding. First, we crossed mice that express a tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase in the subset of GABA neurons that express glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 (Gad2) enzyme (Gad2-CreER mice) with reporter mice, and found that ghrelin mainly targets a subset of Gad2-expressing neurons located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) and that is predominantly segregated from Agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons.

Ankle movement alterations during gait in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with suspected peripheral mononeuropathy. A cross-sectional study.

Background: Peripheral neuropathy due to chemotherapeutic drugs causes alterations in ankle movement during gait. This study aimed to describe the spatiotemporal parameters and ankle kinematics during gait in schoolchildren with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with clinically suspected peripheral neuropathy.

Methods: In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the maintenance phase, we calculated spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of the ankle during gait using Kinovea® software.

Preparation, characterization, electrical conductivity, and life cycle assessment of carbon nanofibers-reinforced Ecuadorian natural zeolite-based geopolymer composites.

Geopolymers are inorganic crosslinked polymers with much less carbon footprint than ordinary Portland cement. Geopolymers and geopolymer-based materials have superior mechanical and durability properties with extreme thermal and chemical resistance. Carbon nano- or microfibers-reinforced geopolymers show potential properties such as electric conductivity, enhanced mechanical and thermal stability, and multi-functionality.

Assessing the Match Physical Responses of International Referees for Footballers with Cerebral Palsy: A Tournaments and Halves Comparative Analysis.

Similar to conventional football, the modality dedicated to footballers with cerebral palsy (CP) requires referees who cope with the physical demands imposed during competitive matches to apply the rules of the game. While a significant body of research has explored the physical demands on referees in mainstream football, there is a noticeable lack of data regarding CP football. This study aimed to examine the physical response of international referees participating in different levels of world competitions for footballers with CP.

Using resilience theory to examine undocumented students' "know your rights" family communication.

Objectives: Prior research has found that to keep their family safe, some undocumented immigrants in the United States engage in "Know Your Rights" family communication-talking to family about their rights, should they be approached by the police or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).

Using the Structural Influence Model to Explore U.S. Latina/O/X/E Undocumented Immigrants' COVID-19 Information Acquisition, Perceptions, and Prevention Behaviors.

In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. undocumented immigrants were at heightened risk of contracting COVID-19, with many of them being "frontline essential workers" and residing in crowded living spaces.

Adding a chapter to the literature: A rare encounter of unilateral Moyamoya disease with ipsilateral persistent trigeminal artery.

Background: The coexistence of persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) and Moyamoya disease (MMD) has been reported. If their pathogenesis is related and if PTA is protective or harmful in MMD remains unknown as these are rare cerebrovascular anomalies.

Case Presentation: A 35-year-old woman with sudden global aphasia whose CT head and CT angiography of head and neck showed a hypodensity in the left posterior middle cerebral artery (MCA), a possible left proximal internal carotid artery occlusion, and a left PTA with hypoplasia of vertebral and basilar arteries.

Ghrelin Action in the PVH of Male Mice: Accessibility, Neuronal Targets, and CRH Neurons Activation.

The hormone ghrelin displays several well-characterized functions, including some with pharmaceutical interest. The receptor for ghrelin, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), is expressed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), a critical hub for the integration of metabolic, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral functions. Here, we performed a neuroanatomical and functional characterization of the neuronal types mediating ghrelin actions in the PVH of male mice.

Preparation, characterization, and life cycle assessment of banana rachis-recycled high-density polyethylene composites.

Agro-industrial wastes are sustainable resources that have advantages as a reinforcement for polymeric matrices. This study examined the use of banana rachis fiber (BRF) in reinforcing the recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) matrix. For this purpose, polymer composites with 5-20 wt% of BRF were prepared by the extrusion process using a twin-screw extruder and followed a hot press method.

Click Chemistry and Radiochemistry: An Update.

The term "click chemistry" describes a class of organic transformations that were developed to make chemical synthesis simpler and easier, in essence allowing chemists to combine molecular subunits as if they were puzzle pieces. Over the last 25 years, the click chemistry toolbox has swelled from the canonical copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to encompass an array of ligations, including bioorthogonal variants, such as the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition and the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction. Without question, the rise of click chemistry has impacted all areas of chemical and biological science.

Assessment of regional body composition, physical function and sarcopenia among peruvian women aging with HIV: A cross-sectional study.

Management of chronic conditions and optimization of overall health has become a primary global health concern in the care of people living with HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly in lower-and-middle income countries where infrastructure for chronic disease management may be fragmented. Alterations in body composition can reflect important changes in musculoskeletal health, particularly among populations at risk for developing fat and muscle redistribution syndromes, such as women with HIV on ART. Given the lack of data on this topic in Latin America and the Caribbean, we designed an exploratory study to measure these outcomes in a population of women aging with HIV in Peru.

A review of electrophoretic separations in temperature-responsive Pluronic thermal gels.

Gel electrophoresis is a ubiquitous bioanalytical technique used in research laboratories to validate protein and nucleic acid samples. Polyacrylamide and agarose have been the gold standard gel materials for decades, but an alternative class of polymer has emerged with potentially superior performance. Pluronic thermal gels are water-soluble polymers that possess the unique ability to undergo a change in viscosity in response to changing temperature.

Selective miRNA quantitation with high-temperature thermal gel electrophoresis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that control gene expression and correlate to the prognosis of numerous diseases. To support research efforts elucidating the roles of miRNAs in pathogenesis, rapid and inexpensive analytical methods are required to quantify miRNAs from biological samples. The challenge of developing new analyses with these time and cost constraints is compounded by the short sequence lengths and high degrees of homology between miRNAs that hinder detection selectivity.

Development and Validation of Nerve-Targeted Bacteriochlorin Sensors.

We report an innovative approach to producing bacteriochlorins (bacs) via formal cycloaddition by subjecting a porphyrin to a trimolecular reaction. Bacs are near-infrared probes with the intrinsic ability to serve in multimodal imaging. However, despite their ability to fluoresce and chelate metal ions, existing bacs have thus offered limited ability to label biomolecules for target specificity or have lacked chemical purity, limiting their use in bio-imaging.

Site-selective radiolabeling using mushroom tyrosinase and the strain-promoted oxidation-controlled 1,2-quinone cycloaddition.

We report the characterization and evaluation of a novel Zr-labeled radioimmunoconjugate synthesized using a site-selective bioconjugation strategy based on the oxidation of tyrosinase residues exposed by the deglycosylation of the IgG and the subsequent strain-promoted oxidation-controlled 1,2-quinone cycloaddition between these amino acids and -cyclooctene-bearing cargoes. More specifically, we site-selectively modified a variant of the A33 antigen-targeting antibody huA33 with the chelator desferrioxamine (DFO), thereby producing an immunoconjugate (DFO-huA33) with equivalent antigen binding affinity to its parent immunoglobulin but attenuated affinity for the FcγRI receptor. This construct was subsequently radiolabeled with [Zr]Zr to create a radioimmunoconjugate - [Zr]Zr-DFO-huA33 - in high yield and specific activity that exhibited excellent behavior in two murine models of human colorectal carcinoma.

When social movements fail or succeed: social psychological consequences of a collective action's outcome.

Collective actions occur all around the world and, in the last few years, even more frequently. Previous literature has mainly focused on the antecedents of collective actions, but less attention has been given to the consequences of participating in collective action. Moreover, it is still an open question how the consequences of collective action might differ, depending on whether the actions are perceived to succeed or fail.

Prevalence of and risk factors for vertebral fracture and low bone mineral density among Peruvian women aging with HIV.

Unlabelled: Osteoporosis and fracture risk among women with HIV in Latin America is understudied. In a sample of Peruvian women with and without HIV, women with HIV had lower femoral neck and total hip BMD and a higher proportion of vertebral fractures. Important treatment gaps were identified across both groups.