A viral-specific CD4 T cell response protects female mice from Coxsackievirus B3 infection.

Background: Biological sex plays an integral role in the immune response to various pathogens. The underlying basis for these sex differences is still not well defined. Here, we show that Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induces a viral-specific CD4+ T cell response that can protect female mice from mortality.

A viral-specific CD4 T cell response protects female mice from Coxsackievirus B3 infection.

Biological sex plays an integral role in the immune response to various pathogens. The underlying basis for these sex differences is still not well defined. Here, we show that Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induces a viral-specific CD4 T cell response that can protect female mice from mortality.

Coxsackievirus B3 elicits a sex-specific CD8+ T cell response which protects female mice.

Sex is a significant contributor to the outcome of human infections. Males are frequently more susceptible to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, often attributed to weaker immune responses. In contrast, a heightened immune response in females enables better pathogen elimination but leaves females more predisposed to autoimmune diseases.

Testosterone Promotes the Intestinal Replication and Dissemination of Coxsackievirus B3 in an Oral Inoculation Mouse Model.

Enteroviruses initiate infection in the gastrointestinal tract, and sex is often a biological variable that impacts pathogenesis. Previous data suggest that sex hormones can influence the intestinal replication of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), an enterovirus in the family. However, the specific sex hormone(s) that regulates intestinal CVB3 replication is poorly understood.

Leadership Aspirations of Nurses: Does Gender or Career Role Matter?

The purpose of this study was to explore how nurse leaders in the New York City area described the influence of gender and career roles on their leadership aspirations. The conceptual framework was Role Congruity Theory and Ambivalent Sexism Theory, which postulate that negative workplace relations are due to perceived gender and career role disharmony. This study used qualitative methodology with a descriptive design.

Roles of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in Autoantibody Production in IL-2-Deficient Mice.

Autoantibodies can result from excessive T follicular helper (Tfh) cell activity, whereas T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells negatively regulate autoantibody production. IL-2 knockout (KO) mice on the BALB/c background have elevated Tfh responses, produce autoantibodies, and develop lethal autoimmunity. We analyzed Tfh and Tfr cells in IL-2 KO mice on the C57BL/6 (B6) genetic background.

A Noninvasive Blood-based Combinatorial Proteomic Biomarker Assay to Detect Breast Cancer in Women Under the Age of 50 Years.

Background: Despite significant advances in breast imaging, the ability to detect breast cancer (BC) remains a challenge. To address the unmet needs of the current BC detection paradigm, 2 prospective clinical trials were conducted to develop a blood-based combinatorial proteomic biomarker assay (Videssa Breast) to accurately detect BC and reduce false positives (FPs) from suspicious imaging findings.

Patients And Methods: Provista-001 and Provista-002 (cohort one) enrolled Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 or 4 women aged under 50 years.

Observation of a Pharmacist-Conducted Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis Point-of-Care Test: A Time and Motion Study.

Background: Acute pharyngitis is among the most common infectious diseases encountered in the United States, resulting in 13 million patient visits annually, with group A streptococcus (GAS) being a common causative pathogen. It is estimated that annual expenditures for the treatment of adult pharyngitis will exceed US$1.2 billion annually.

Loss of cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) induces the transsulfuration pathway and inhibits ferroptosis induced by cystine deprivation.

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated non-apoptotic cell death that has been implicated in several disease contexts. A better understanding of the ferroptotic death mechanism could lead to the development of new therapeutics for degenerative diseases, and a better understanding of how to induce ferroptosis in specific tumor contexts. We performed an unbiased genome-wide siRNA screen to find genetic suppressors of ferroptosis.

Health Care Resource Utilization and Costs for Influenza-like Illness Among Midwestern Health Plan Members.

Background: Each year, 6%-20% of U.S. residents are infected by influenza, and more than 200,000 people are hospitalized due to complications related to influenza.

Implications of Blood Type for Ovarian Reserve and Infertility - Impact on Oocyte Yield in IVF Patients.

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) has been linked to certain subpopulations and distinct gene polymorphisms. It has even been hypothesized that the AB0 blood group system could be linked to ovarian reserve (OR) as reflected by early follicular phase follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Although estimation of OR is routinely done using levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), FSH, estradiol or inhibin B, the diagnostic accuracy of these markers is often limited.

Patient management after noninvasive cardiac imaging results from SPARC (Study of myocardial perfusion and coronary anatomy imaging roles in coronary artery disease).

Objectives: This study examined short-term cardiac catheterization rates and medication changes after cardiac imaging.

Background: Noninvasive cardiac imaging is widely used in coronary artery disease, but its effects on subsequent patient management are unclear.

Methods: We assessed the 90-day post-test rates of catheterization and medication changes in a prospective registry of 1,703 patients without a documented history of coronary artery disease and an intermediate to high likelihood of coronary artery disease undergoing cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, or 64-slice coronary computed tomography angiography.

Effects of embryo transfer quality on pregnancy and live birth delivery rates.

Background: To analyze the effects of embryo transfer (ET) quality on clinical pregnancy (CPR) and live birth delivery rates (LBDR).

Methods: In a retrospective study at a single, private infertility center between November 2005 and December 2009 one thousand fifty-five day-3 and day-5 ETs following IVF/ICSI/IMSI were evaluated. We analyzed the impact of an atraumatic ET with a soft catheter (ET 1), after external guidance (ET 2), after probing of the cervix with a stylet (ET 3), or after grasping the portio vaginalis with a tenaculum (ET 4) on CPR and LBDR.

Predictive value of cumulus cell apoptosis with regard to blastocyst development of corresponding gametes.

Objective: To test if a high degree of apoptosis in cumulus cells could indicate diminished oocyte quality and developmental competence.

Design: Prospective analysis.

Setting: Public hospital and university.

Processing of basic speech acts following localized brain damage: a new light on the neuroanatomy of language.

We examined the effect of localized brain lesions on processing of the basic speech acts (BSAs) of question, assertion, request, and command. Both left and right cerebral damage produced significant deficits relative to normal controls, and left brain damaged patients performed worse than patients with right-sided lesions. This finding argues against the common conjecture that the right hemisphere of most right-handers plays a dominant role in natural language pragmatics.

Review of 125 SiteSelect stereotactic large-core breast biopsy procedures.

Advances in stereotactic breast biopsies have introduced a variety of devices that yield different sizes of tissue samples. The choice of biopsy device should be based on which technique is most likely to yield a definitive diagnosis at the time of the initial biopsy. This is a prospective study of 104 patients who underwent a total of 125 stereotactic breast biopsies using the SiteSelect large-core biopsy device.

SiteSelect: minimally invasive excision of breast lesions.

The goal of screening mammograms is to provide early detection of breast cancer. As mammography technology improves, the ability to detect smaller and smaller suspicious lesions is increased. However, as mammography cannot always differentiate between malignant and benign lesions, biopsies are often needed.

Asbestosis and small cell lung cancer in a clutch refabricator.

Objectives: To present a case of asbestosis and small cell lung cancer caused by asbestos in a clutch refabricator.

Methods: Exposed surfaces of used clutches similar to those refabricated in the worker's workplace were rinsed, and the filtrate analysed by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Tissue samples were also analysed by this technique.

Effect of longeing and glucosamine supplementation on serum markers of bone and joint metabolism in yearling quarter horses.

The effect of longeing and glucosamine supplementation on known biological markers of joint disease was studied in yearling quarter horses. Twenty-one yearling quarter horses were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments: 1) longeing (longeing 20 min daily) supplement control (LN); 2) longeing/glucosamine (LG); 3) walking (mechanical walker for 120 min daily (WN)); and 4) walking/glucosamine (WG). Oral glucosamine was administered at 5.

Assessing the fertility potential of equine semen samples using the reducible dyes methylene green and resazurin.

The objective of this study was to determine if spermatozoal reduction of the dyes methylene green to colorless and resazurin to pink or colorless was associated with the fertility potential of an equine semen sample. Fifty samples from 38 stallions were evaluated for the number of spermatozoa per milliliter and number of motile sperm per milliliter. Methylene green (20 micrograms/mL of semen) or resazurin (85 micrograms/mL of semen) was added to 3-mL aliquots of semen.

Analysis of asbestos fiber burden in lung tissue from mesothelioma patients.

Mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm that occurs most frequently in individuals with previous asbestos exposure. Differences for risk of development of asbestos-related mesothelioma and lung cancer have been attributed to the various types of asbestos, as well as to the dimension of the inhaled fibers. In the present study, 55 individuals with the pathological diagnosis of mesothelioma were evaluated as to ferruginous body and fiber content in lung tissue.

Relationships between ferruginous bodies and uncoated asbestos fibers in lung tissue.

Tissue was obtained from two American groups. The tissue was defined by ferruginous body levels of either < or = 1000 or > 1000 ferruginous bodies/g dry weight, and tissue was evaluated by light microscopy and analyzed by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Tissue was bleach digested, and uncoated asbestos fibers were classified with respect to type and size.

An individual with a majority of ferruginous bodies formed on chrysotile cores.

A 59-year-old man was exposed to chrysotile asbestos while rebuilding clutches. Analytical electron microscopy showed a chrysotile core in 72% of the ferruginous bodies from lung tissue. Long, uncoated chrysotile fibers were also present.

Quantitative comparison of asbestos and talc bodies in an individual with mixed exposure.

Tissue from an individual with a history of exposure to asbestos and other dust was referred for particulate analysis. The digested material was reviewed by light microscopy to establish the numbers of ferruginous bodies per gram of tissue. Typical asbestos bodies were found at levels consistent with occupational exposure.

Analysis of ferruginous bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage from foundry workers.

Classical ferruginous bodies in tissue samples are considered to be markers of past exposure to asbestos. Recent studies have shown that the presence of ferruginous bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid correlates with past exposure to asbestos and offers a more sensitive reference than occupational history. Lavage samples from five subjects who had worked in foundries were evaluated by light microscopy for the presence of ferruginous bodies and by transmission electron microscopy for both characterisation of the uncoated fibre burden and analysis of the cores of the ferruginous bodies.