Convenient access to 5-arylisoindolo[2,1- α]quinolin-11(6a )-ones.

Substituted isoindoloquinolinones were obtained from N-aryl-3-hydroxyisoindolinones and aryl alkynes under Lewis acid-catalyzed conditions in 30-99% yields.

Spatially resolved phase imaging of a programmable liquid-crystal grating.

Phase imaging is used to compare near-field measurements with the corresponding far-field intensity distribution. A liquid-crystal device serves as a phase object that can be programmed as a variable grating. Real-time phase visualization then provides an avenue for direct optimization of complex phase gratings.