Identification of respiratory microbiota markers in ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Purpose: To compare bacteria recovered by standard cultures and metataxonomics, particularly with regard to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) pathogens, and to determine if the presence of particular bacteria or microbiota in tracheal and oropharyngeal secretions during the course of intubation was associated with the development of VAP.

Methods: In this case-control study, oropharyngeal secretions and endotracheal aspirate were collected daily in mechanically ventilated patients. Culture and metataxonomics (16S rRNA gene-based taxonomic profiling of bacterial communities) were performed on serial upper respiratory samples from patients with late-onset definite VAP and their respective controls.