Using Cost Conversations to Address Financial Toxicity in Pediatric Asthma Care: Findings From a Survey of Caregivers.

Introduction: Asthma care teams are well-positioned to help caregivers address financial toxicity in pediatric asthma care, although discussing cost can be challenging. We sought to characterize cost conversations in pediatric asthma specialty care.

Method: We surveyed 45 caregivers of children aged 4-17 with asthma.

The impact of the social construct of race on outcomes among bacille Calmette-Guérin-treated patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in an equal-access setting.

Background: The objective of this study was to describe bladder cancer outcomes as a function of race among patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in an equal-access setting.

Methods: A total of 412 patients with high-risk NMIBC who received bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, were assessed. The authors used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate event-free survival and Cox regression to determine the association between race and recurrence, progression, disease-specific, and overall survival outcomes.