Indoor allergen exposure and its association to upper respiratory infections and pulmonary outcomes among children with asthma.

Background: Certain environmental allergen exposures are more common in disadvantaged communities and may contribute to differences in susceptibility to upper respiratory infections (URIs).

Objectives: We examined associations between indoor allergens and: (1) URI; (2) URI + cold symptoms; (3) URI + cold symptoms + pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation (fraction of exhaled nitric oxide ≥20 ppb); and (4) URI + cold symptoms + reduced lung function (percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second of <80%).

Methods: We used data from the Environmental Control as Add-on Therapy for Childhood Asthma (ECATCh) study.

Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Asthma Exacerbations: Which Patients Benefit Most?

Although recent evidence suggested that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) might reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations, it remains unclear which subpopulations might derive the most benefit from GLP1RA treatment. To identify characteristics of patients with asthma that predict who might benefit the most from GLP1RA treatment using real-world data. We implemented an active-comparator, new-user design analysis using commercially ensured patients 18-65 years of age from MarketScan data for 2007-2019 and identified two cohorts: GLP1RAs versus thiazolidinediones and GLP1RAs versus sulfonylureas.

Associations between cord blood acetaminophen biomarkers and childhood asthma with and without allergic comorbidities.

Background: Previous studies have linked prenatal acetaminophen use to increased asthma risk in children. However, none have explored this association while differentiating between asthma cases with and without other allergic conditions or by employing objective biomarkers to assess acetaminophen exposure.

Objective: To evaluate whether the detection of acetaminophen biomarkers in cord blood is associated with the subgroups of asthma both with and without allergic comorbidities in children.

Rates of New Peanut Allergy and Discontinuation Following Introduction in High-Risk Infants.

Background: Peanut introduction guidelines recommend that infants with severe eczema and/or egg allergy consume 6 g of peanut protein weekly to prevent peanut allergy. Rates of new peanut allergy after introduction and adherence remain under study.

Objective: To determine compliance with peanut introduction guidelines, rates of new peanut allergy, and reasons for discontinuation of peanut consumption in a cohort of high-risk infants.

IgE to common food allergens is associated with cardiovascular mortality in the National Health and Examination Survey and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background: In individuals without symptomatic food allergy, food-specific IgE is considered clinically irrelevant. However, recent studies have suggested that galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) IgE is associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease.

Objective: We sought to determine whether sensitization to common food allergens is associated with CV mortality.

Desensitization and remission after peanut sublingual immunotherapy in 1- to 4-year-old peanut-allergic children: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Prior studies of peanut sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) have suggested a potential advantage with younger age at treatment initiation.

Objective: We studied the safety and efficacy of SLIT for peanut allergy in 1- to 4-year-old children.

Methods: Peanut-allergic 1- to 4-year-old children were randomized to receive 4 mg peanut SLIT versus placebo.

Associations between serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and asthma morbidity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-18).

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of chemicals widely used in manufacturing and are highly resistant to degradation, so they accumulate in the environment. Serum concentrations of these so-called forever chemicals have been associated with impairment of innate and adaptive immune responses. The relationship between serum PFAS levels and asthma morbidity has not been studied.

Association of a Housing Mobility Program With Childhood Asthma Symptoms and Exacerbations.

Importance: Structural racism has been implicated in the disproportionally high asthma morbidity experienced by children living in disadvantaged, urban neighborhoods. Current approaches designed to reduce asthma triggers have modest impact.

Objective: To examine whether participation in a housing mobility program that provided housing vouchers and assistance moving to low-poverty neighborhoods was associated with reduced asthma morbidity among children and to explore potential mediating factors.

Open-label study of the efficacy, safety, and durability of peanut sublingual immunotherapy in peanut-allergic children.

Background: Studies on the efficacy of peanut sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are limited. The durability of desensitization after SLIT has not been well described.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4-mg peanut SLIT and persistence of desensitization after SLIT discontinuation.

Comparative effectiveness of omalizumab, mepolizumab, and dupilumab in asthma: A target trial emulation.

Background: Multiple mAbs are currently approved for the treatment of asthma. However, there is limited evidence on their comparative effectiveness.

Objective: Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of omalizumab, mepolizumab, and dupilumab in individuals with moderate-to-severe asthma.

Comparative efficacy of tezepelumab to mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab in eosinophilic asthma: A Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Background: It is unclear how the efficacy of tezepelumab, approved for the treatment of type 2 high and low asthma, compares to the efficacy of other biologics for type 2-high asthma.

Objectives: We sought to conduct an indirect comparison of tezepelumab to dupilumab, benralizumab, and mepolizumab in the treatment of eosinophilic asthma.

Methods: The investigators conducted a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analyses.

Indoor environmental exposures and obstructive lung disease phenotypes among children with asthma living in poor urban neighborhoods.

Background: Air trapping is an obstructive phenotype that has been associated with more severe and unstable asthma in children. Air trapping has been defined using pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry. The causes of air trapping are not completely understood.

Home Introduction of Baked Egg After Oral Food Challenge.

Background: Baked egg (BE) introduction may accelerate resolution of egg allergy. Long-term data regarding the safety and success of BE introduction in the real world are limited.

Objective: To identify predictors of future egg consumption and barriers to advancement based on characteristics during and after BE oral food challenges (OFCs).

Comparative efficacy of mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab in eosinophilic asthma: A Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Background: The comparative safety and efficacy of the biologics currently approved for asthma are unclear.

Objective: We compared the safety and efficacy of mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab in individuals with severe eosinophilic asthma.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published 2000 to 2021.

Comprehensive home environmental intervention did not reduce allergen concentrations or controller medication requirements among children in Baltimore.

Objective: To determine if the addition of home environmental control strategies (ECSs) to controller medication titration reduces asthma controller medication requirements and in-home allergen concentrations among children with persistent asthma in Baltimore City.

Methods: 155 children ages 5-17 with allergen-sensitized asthma were enrolled in a 6-month randomized clinical trial of multifaceted, individually-tailored ECS plus asthma controller medication titration compared to controller medication titration alone. Participants had to meet criteria for persistent asthma and have had an exacerbation in the previous 18 months.