The relationship between muscle mass changes and protein or energy intake in critically ill children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Survivorship after pediatric critical illness is high in developed countries, but many suffer physical morbidities afterwards. The increasing focus on follow-up after critical illness has led to more pediatric studies reporting muscle mass changes (using ultrasound), albeit with different results. A systematic literature review was undertaken examining muscle mass changes, assessed by ultrasound of the quadriceps femoris muscle in children who are critically ill.

The future backbone of nutritional science: integrating public health priorities with system-oriented precision nutrition.

Adopting policies that promote health for the entire biosphere (One Health) requires human societies to transition towards a more sustainable food supply as well as to deepen the understanding of the metabolic and health effects of evolving food habits. At the same time, life sciences are experiencing rapid and groundbreaking technological developments, in particular in laboratory analytics and biocomputing, placing nutrition research in an unprecedented position to produce knowledge that can be translated into practice in line with One Health policies. In this dynamic context, nutrition research needs to be strategically organised to respond to these societal expectations.

Accurate height and length estimation in hospitalized children not fulfilling WHO criteria for standard measurement: a multicenter prospective study.

In hospitalized children, height should be measured. When world health organization (WHO) height measurement gold standards is impossible, the ideal height estimation technique is still unclear. We conducted an international prospective study in eight different pediatric intensive care units to assess the accuracy, precision, practicability, safety, and inter-rater reliability of 12 different height estimation techniques, based on body segment measurement extrapolation, or other calculations using previous or projected heights.

Associations Between Body Weight Dissatisfaction and Diet Quality in Women With a Body Mass Index in the Healthy Weight Category: Results From the 2014-2015 Swiss National Nutrition Survey.

Background: Few studies have examined whether diet quality is lower in women with body weight dissatisfaction compared with women without body weight dissatisfaction.

Objectives: (1) Examine the association between body weight dissatisfaction and diet quality among women (18-65 years old) in the healthy weight body mass index (BMI) category, and (2) explore dietary and behavioral patterns among women with body weight dissatisfaction.

Design: Data were extracted from the cross-sectional 2014-2015 Swiss National Nutrition Survey.

Changes in Global Nutrition Practices in Critically Ill Children and the Influence of Emerging Evidence: A Secondary Analysis of the Pediatric International Nutrition Studies, 2009-2018.

Background: The timeline of the 3 Pediatric International Nutrition Studies (PINS) coincided with the publication of 2 major guidelines for the timing of parenteral nutrition (PN) and recommended energy and protein delivery dose.

Objective: The study's main objective was to describe changes in the nutrition delivery practice recorded in PINS1 and PINS2 (PINS1-2) (conducted in 2009 and 2011, preexposure epoch) vs PINS3 (conducted in 2018, postexposure epoch), in relation to the published practice guidelines.

Design: This study is a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy in acutely and critically ill children: state of the evidence.

Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy (IV-MFT) is one of the most prescribed, yet one of the least studied, interventions in paediatric acute and critical care settings. IV-MFT is not typically treated in the same way as drugs with specific indications, contraindications, compositions, and associated adverse effects. In the last decade, societies in both paediatric and adult medicine have issued evidence-based practice guidelines for the use of intravenous fluids in clinical practice.

Development and application of a 2-step methodology to select a reference society providing Dietary Reference Values for national implementation.

Objective: To describe and discuss a 2-step methodology developed to select a reference society that provides Dietary Reference Values (DRV) for national implementation and to illustrate its application in Switzerland with one macronutrient and one micronutrient.

Design: During Step 1, we searched and compared DRV and methodologies used to define DRV from eight European societies for seven selected nutrients. We repeated this procedure during Step 2 for DRV from two preselected societies for forty-four nutrients.

Determining energy and protein needs in critically ill pediatric patients: A scoping review.

Introduction: In critically ill pediatric patients, optimal energy and protein intakes are associated with a decreased risk of morbidity and mortality. However, the determination of energy and protein needs is complex. The objective of this scoping review was to understand the extent and type of evidence related to the methods used to determine energy and protein needs in critically ill pediatric patients.

Effectiveness of high vs lower enteral protein intake, considering energy intake, on clinical outcomes in critically ill children: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of high vs lower enteral protein intake, considering energy intake, on clinical and nutritional outcomes in critically ill children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Introduction: Over- and undernutrition increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. The impact of high vs lower enteral protein intake on clinical outcomes, considering energy intake, still needs to be investigated in children of different ages.

Description of Ultra-Processed Food Intake in a Swiss Population-Based Sample of Adults Aged 18 to 75 Years.

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are associated with lower diet quality and several non-communicable diseases. Their consumption varies between countries/regions of the world. We aimed to describe the consumption of UPFs in adults aged 18−75 years living in Switzerland.

ESPNIC clinical practice guidelines: intravenous maintenance fluid therapy in acute and critically ill children- a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy (IV-MFT) prescribing in acute and critically ill children is very variable among pediatric health care professionals. In order to provide up to date IV-MFT guidelines, the European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) undertook a systematic review to answer the following five main questions about IV-MFT: (i) the indications for use (ii) the role of isotonic fluid (iii) the role of balanced solutions (iv) IV fluid composition (calcium, magnesium, potassium, glucose and micronutrients) and v) and the optimal amount of fluid.

Methods: A multidisciplinary expert group within ESPNIC conducted this systematic review using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) grading method.

Impact of Measures Aiming to Reduce Sugars Intake in the General Population and Their Implementation in Europe: A Scoping Review.

Implementing public health measures is necessary to decrease sugars intake, which is associated with increased risk of noncommunicable diseases. Our scoping review aimed to identify the types of measures implemented and evaluated to decrease sugars intake in the population and to assess their impact. Following a review of systematic reviews (SRs) published in 2018, we systematically searched new SR (May 2017-October 2020) in electronic databases.

Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods in a Sample of Adolescents With Obesity and Its Association With the Food Educational Style of Their Parent: Observational Study.

Background: Both parental education and the food environment influence dietary intake and may therefore contribute to childhood obesity.

Objective: We aimed to assess the consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) in a convenience sample of adolescents with obesity and to determine its association with the food educational style of their parent.

Methods: This observational study included 24 participants, 12 adolescents (8 boys and 4 girls) aged from 12 to 14 years and their 12 parents, who were followed in a specialized pediatric obesity clinic in the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

Practical strategies to implement the ESPNIC Nutrition Clinical recommendations into PICU practice.

Background: The European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) published 32 clinical recommendations around supporting nutrition in critically ill children following an extensive review of the literature online in January 2020. The challenge now is to engage with paediatric intensive care unit teams to implement these into their practice.

Objective: This practical implementation guide uses a recognised implementation model to guide pediatric intensive care professionals to implement these evidence-based clinical recommendations into clinical practice.

Physicians' perceptions about managing enteral nutrition and the implementation of tools to assist in nutritional decision-making in a paediatric intensive care unit.

Background: For critically ill children hospitalised in paediatric intensive care units, adequate nutrition reduces their risk of morbidity and mortality. Barriers may impede optimal nutritional support in this population. Moreover, physicians are usually responsible for prescribing nutrition, although they are not experts.

Nutritional support for children during critical illness: European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) metabolism, endocrine and nutrition section position statement and clinical recommendations.

Background: Nutritional support is considered essential for the outcome of paediatric critical illness. There is a lack of methodologically sound trials to provide evidence-based guidelines leading to diverse practices in PICUs worldwide. Acknowledging these limitations, we aimed to summarize the available literature and provide practical guidance for the paediatric critical care clinicians around important clinical questions many of which are not covered by previous guidelines.

Priorities for Nutrition Research in Pediatric Critical Care.

Background: Widespread variation exists in pediatric critical care nutrition practices, largely because of the scarcity of evidence to guide best practice recommendations.

Objective: The objective of this paper was to develop a list of topics to be prioritized for nutrition research in pediatric critical care in the next 10 years.

Methods: A modified 3-round Delphi process was undertaken by a newly established multidisciplinary group comprising 11 international researchers in the field of pediatric critical care nutrition.

Estimation of Resting Energy Expenditure Using Predictive Equations in Critically Ill Children: Results of a Systematic Review.

Provision of adequate energy intake to critically ill children is associated with improved prognosis, but resting energy expenditure (REE) is rarely determined by indirect calorimetry (IC) due to practical constraints. Some studies have tested the validity of various predictive equations that are routinely used for this purpose, but no systematic evaluation has been made. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature to assess predictive equations of REE in critically ill children.

Performance of Predictive Equations Specifically Developed to Estimate Resting Energy Expenditure in Ventilated Critically Ill Children.

Objective: To determine, based on indirect calorimetry measurements, the biases of predictive equations specifically developed recently for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) in ventilated critically ill children, or developed for healthy populations but used in critically ill children.

Study Design: A secondary analysis study was performed using our data on REE measured in a previous prospective study on protein and energy needs in pediatric intensive care unit. We included 75 ventilated critically ill children (median age, 21 months) in whom 407 indirect calorimetry measurements were performed.

A Nursing Survey on Nutritional Care Practices in French-Speaking Pediatric Intensive Care Units: NutriRéa-Ped 2014.

Objectives: Malnutrition in critically ill children contributes to morbidity and mortality. The French-speaking pediatric intensive care nutrition group (NutriSIP) aims to promote optimal nutrition through education and research.

Methods: The NutriSIP-designed NutriRéa-Ped study included a cross-sectional survey.

How much protein and energy are needed to equilibrate nitrogen and energy balances in ventilated critically ill children?

Background & Aims: Protein and energy requirements in critically ill children are currently based on insufficient data. Moreover, longitudinal measurements of both total urinary nitrogen (TUN) and resting energy expenditure (REE) are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate how much protein and energy are needed to equilibrate nitrogen and energy balances in ventilated critically ill children on the basis of daily measurements of TUN, REE and protein and energy intakes.