Inner-city green space and its association with body mass index and prevalent type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in an urban German city.

Objective: The accessibility of green space is an important aspect of the urban residential environment and has been found to be beneficial for health and well-being. This study investigates the association between different indicators of green space and the outcomes body mass index (BMI) and prevalent type 2 diabetes in an urban population.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Impact of major depressive disorder, distinct subtypes, and symptom severity on lifestyle in the BiDirect Study.

The aim of this study was to examine associations of major depressive disorder (MDD), its distinct subtypes, and symptom severity with the individual lifestyle factors smoking, diet quality, physical activity, and body mass index as well as with a combined lifestyle index measuring the co-occurrence of these lifestyle factors. A sample of 823 patients with MDD and 597 non-depressed controls was examined. The psychiatric assessment was based on a clinical interview including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

Association between major depressive disorder and odor identification impairment.

Background: There is evidence of olfactory deficits in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) but causes and mechanisms are largely unknown.

Methods: We compared 728 patients with current MDD and 555 non-depressed controls regarding odor identification impairment taking into account the severity of acute symptoms and of the disease course. We assessed current symptom severity with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and disease course severity based on admission diagnosis (ICD-10, F32/F33) and self-reported hospitalization frequency, defined as infrequent (<2) and frequent (≥2) depression-related hospitalizations under constant disease duration.

Associations between poor sleep quality and different measures of obesity.

Objective: Poor sleep may be a risk factor for obesity. Previous studies have mainly investigated the effects of sleep duration on body mass index, but research considering overall sleep quality and other anthropometric measures is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between sleep quality and different measures of obesity (general obesity, abdominal obesity, body composition) in a population-based sample of adults.

Associations between depression subtypes, depression severity and diet quality: cross-sectional findings from the BiDirect Study.

Background: Depression is supposed to be associated with an unhealthy lifestyle including poor diet. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in diet quality between patients with a clinical diagnosis of depression and population-based controls. Additionally, we aimed to examine effects of specific depression characteristics on diet by analyzing if diet quality varies between patients with distinct depression subtypes, and if depression severity is associated with diet quality.

Dietary patterns and the risk of depression in adults: a systematic review of observational studies.

Purpose: Diet, a modifiable lifestyle factor, may influence the development of depression. We performed a systematic review of observational studies examining the relationship between dietary patterns and depression in healthy adults.

Methods: A literature research was conducted searching various electronic databases up to May 2013.