Role of the Vitreous in Retinal Pathology: A Narrative Review.

The vitreous body is an anatomically and biochemically complex structure. Because of its proximity and firm adherence to the retina, researchers have examined the link between these two structures and how their individual pathologies might be connected. Several experimental and clinical studies have already demonstrated the important role of vitreous in the pathogenesis of retinal disorders.

Injecting botulinum toxin into the treatment of blepharospasm.

The present paper is an introduction to this category of therapy, the injection of botulinum toxin into blepharospasm and, at the same time, an attempt to familiarize our readers with this concept. Our activity in this field started in 2014; the favorable results we have obtained since then have made us write this article. BEB = Abnormal Benign Essential Blepharospasm, TXB = Botulinum Toxin.

Optic Pit Maculopathy.

This paper discusses a 32-year-old woman's case who presented a chronic decrease of visual acuity. In this case, the treatment was complex and consisted of a 25 GA vitrectomy, MLI peeling, covering the defect at the optic nerve papilla with that patch, gas endotamponade (C3F8). MLI = internal limiting membrane; ODP-M = optic disc pit maculopathy.