Dynamic Soluble IL-6R/Soluble gp130 Ratio as a Potential Indicator for the Prostate Malignancy Phenotype-A Multicenter Case-Control Study.

Objective: Prostate tumors, if prostate cancer or adenoma, represent a major public health challenge. Progress in research on inflammation has revealed a connection between inflammation, immunity, and cancer. In this context, this study aimed to find IL-6 signaling systemic abnormalities in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment.

Biomolecular Dynamics of Nitric Oxide Metabolites and HIF1α in HPV Infection.

Introduction: Viral infections cause oxygen deprivation, leading to hypoxia or anoxia in certain tissues. The limitation of mitochondrial respiration is one of the major events during hypoxia that induces alternative metabolic activities and increased levels of certain biomolecules such as nitric oxide (NO) metabolites. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of NO metabolites and hypoxia in HPV infection.

The Cellular Stress and Cutaneous Manifestations in Renal Cell Carcinomas-A Narrative Review.

The carcinomas originating from the renal cortex are the most aggressive renal malignancies, with a high tendency for metastasis. Understanding the incidence of cutaneous manifestations caused by renal carcinomas is a challenge. In the first part, this article summarizes a series of factors that promote oncogenesis, invasiveness, and the ability of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to develop secondary cutaneous manifestations.

The Interplay between Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation, and Antioxidant Defense in Patients with Lichen Planus.

Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unelucidated etiology. LP immunopathogenesis is mainly governed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediate an immune response in basal keratinocytes, which may transform into a reservoir of antigens able to initiate an autoimmune reaction. However, other pathogenic pathways complement these mechanisms.

The Role of the L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Molecular Pathway in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Recently, arginine has been proven to play an important role in ADPKD physiopathology. Arginine auxotrophy in ADPKD induces cell hyperproliferation, blocking the normal differentiation of renal tube cells and causing cyst formation. We explored the L-arginine (Arg)-nitric oxide (NO) molecular pathway in ADPKD, a multisystemic arginine auxotrophe disease.

Changes in Serum IL-12 Levels following the Administration of H1-Antihistamines in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.

Introduction: Research regarding the role of the IL-12 cytokine family in modulating immune and inflammatory responses is continuously evolving. In this study, the contribution of the p35 and p40 subunits as monomers (noted as IL-12p35 and IL-12p40) and heterodimers (noted as IL-12p70 or IL-12p35/p40) was analysed in the pathophysiology and progression of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a longitudinal, case-control study involving 42 CSU cases and 40 control cases comprising adults without associated conditions.

A Panel of Potential Serum Markers Related to Angiogenesis, Antioxidant Defense and Hypoxia for Differentiating Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas from Actinic Keratoses.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) arising from the malignant proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes is the second most common skin cancer. Actinic keratosis (AK), which is considered cSCC in situ, may progress into invasive tumors. Currently, there are no serum markers that can differentiate cSCC from AK.

New Insights into Lynch Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Lynch syndrome, characterized by DNA mismatch repair deficiency, represents a significant paradigm among cancer predisposition syndromes and is notably associated with heightened susceptibility to various cancers, particularly colorectal and endometrial malignancies. The primary aim of this research paper is to scrutinize specific associations and delve into the underlying molecular mechanisms of Lynch syndrome. Genetic alterations in MMR genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and EPCAM, compromise DNA repair mechanisms, predisposing affected individuals to a spectrum of malignancies.

Disturbances in Nitric Oxide Cycle and Related Molecular Pathways in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

It is important to note that maintaining adequate levels of nitric oxide (NO), the turnover, and the oxidation level of nitrogen are essential for the optimal progression of cellular processes, and alterations in the NO cycle indicate a crucial step in the onset and progression of multiple diseases. Cellular accumulation of NO and reactive nitrogen species in many types of tumour cells is expressed by an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress in the tumour microenvironment. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a progressive metabolic disease in which tumour cells can adapt to metabolic reprogramming to enhance NO production in the tumour space.

Angiogenic systemic response to the hypoxic microenvironment in prostate tumorigenesis: A pilot study.

The present paper aimed to investigate the altered angiogenetic mechanisms in hypoxic conditions in patients with prostate tumours, in correlation with common clinicopathologic variables. A case-control study was developed and included 87 patients with prostate tumours [40 diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 47 diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa), using prostate transrectal biopsy] and 40 healthy subjects. The following parameters were evaluated in the serum of volunteers: Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and soluble VEGF-1 receptor.

The Inflammatory Profile Orchestrated by Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

(1) Background: The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves complicated and multifactorial interactions. Inducible nitric oxide synthase overactivation (iNOS or NOS2) could be involved in SLE pathogenesis and progression. This study explored the relationship between NOS2-associated inflammation profiles and SLE phenotypes.

Detection of Urinary Molecular Marker Test in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Methods and Accuracy.

Early detection of bladder cancer has a positive impact on prognosis. A variety of biomarkers have been developed to detect bladder tumors in urine early and reduce the need for cystoscopy. To detect bladder cancer, several methods are available, but their accuracy varies according to the sensitivity and specificity of each method.

Hypoxia-Nitric Oxide Axis and the Associated Damage Molecular Pattern in Cutaneous Melanoma.

Hypoxia was intensively studied in cancer during the last few decades, being considered a characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the capacity of tumor cells to adapt to the stress generated by limited oxygen tissue in cutaneous melanoma. We developed a case-control prospective study that included 52 patients with cutaneous melanoma and 35 healthy subjects.

IL-6 Signaling Link between Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment and Prostatic Tumorigenesis.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are tumoral pathologies characterized by the overexpression of inflammatory processes. The exploration of tumor microenvironment and understanding the sequential events that take place in the stromal area of the prostate could help for an early management of these pathologies. This way, it is feasible the hypothesis that normalizing the stromal environment would help to suppress or even to reverse tumor fenotype.

Serum Sialylation Changes in Actinic Keratosis and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), a malignant proliferation of the cutaneous epithelium, is the second most common skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Unlike BCC, cSCC exhibits a greater aggressiveness and the ability to metastasize to any organ in the body. Chronic inflammation and immunosuppression are important processes linked to the development of cSCC.

Cellular Response against Oxidative Stress, a Novel Insight into Lupus Nephritis Pathogenesis.

The interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and hydrocarbonates promotes acute and chronic tissue damage, mediates immunomodulation and triggers autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients. The aim of the study was to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of the oxidative stress-related damage and molecular mechanisms to counteract oxidative stimuli in lupus nephritis. Our study included 38 SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN group), 44 SLE patients without renal impairment (non-LN group) and 40 healthy volunteers as control group.

Variations of Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis Parameters after Treatment with H1-Antihistamines in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.

Background: The pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria involves metabolic, immunological, and psychological factors. The thiol-disulfide exchange reactions could be a mechanism to counteract oxidative stress in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Objective: The assessment of thiol-disulfide homeostasis parameters (TDHPs) according to disease severity and the influence of H1-antihistamine therapy in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Oxidative Stress in Cutaneous Lichen Planus-A Narrative Review.

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin condition that mainly affects the skin (cutaneous LP, CLP) and oral mucosa (oral LP, OLP). However, the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease are not fully elucidated. Over time, several theories that could explain the appearance of LP lesions have been postulated.

Sialoglyco-Conjugate Abnormalities, IL-6 Trans-Signaling and Anti-Ganglioside Immune Response-Potential Interferences in Lupus Nephritis Pathogenesis.

Unlabelled: We have investigated glycoconjugates sialization profile, endogen synthesis rate of antiganglioside antibodies (AGA), IL-6 signaling pathways correlated with activity disease in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN).

Material And Methods: A case-control study was developed and included 109 patients with SLE with or without renal impairment, 32 patients with IgA nephropathy and 60 healthy volunteers, clinically and paraclinically monitored. The following parameters were evaluated in volunteers serum: total sialic acid (TSA), orosomucoids, lipid bound sialic acid (LSA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble factors IL-6R, gp130, anti -GM1, -GM2, -GM3, -GD1a, -GD1b, -GT1b, -GQ1b antigangliosides antibodies of IgG and IgM type.

Posttranslational Modifications Pattern in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Posttranslational modifications are dynamic enzymatic-mediated processes, regulated in time and space, associated with cancer development. We aimed to evaluate the significance of posttranslational modifications in the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The authors developed a prospective, observational study during a period of three years and included 55 patients with localized renal cell carcinoma and 30 heathy subjects.

Antiganglioside Antibodies and Inflammatory Response in Cutaneous Melanoma.

Introduction: Endogenously produced antiganglioside antibodies could affect the evolution of cutaneous melanoma. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest "chronic inflammation" to be one of the hallmarks in skin cancers. The aim of the study was to characterize the relation between antiganglioside antibodies and inflammation in cutaneous melanoma focusing on gangliosides GM1, GM2, GM3, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, GQ1b.

The Relationship between the Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Palmoplantar Warts.

Background And Objectives: Warts are the most common lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Recent research suggests that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of HPV-related lesions. It has been shown that the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) may act as a protective factor against the deleterious effects of inflammation and oxidative stress, two interconnected processes.

Reactive Carbonyl Species as Potential Pro-Oxidant Factors Involved in Lichen Planus Pathogenesis.

The constant generation of reactive carbonyl species (RCSs) by lipid peroxidation during aerobic metabolism denotes their involvement in cell homeostasis. Skin represents the largest organ of the body that is exposed to lipid peroxidation. Previous studies have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress in the development of lichen planus (LP), a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a complex pathogenesis.

Correlations between related-purine derivatives and renal disorders in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

Recent data suggest that severe psoriasis is an independent risk factor for chronic renal disease. In the present study, we investigated the role of related-purine derivatives as predictors of renal dysfunctions in patients with psoriasis. A prospective study was conducted on a group of 45 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 45 control cases, monitored over a 5-year period.

Ascorbic acid deficiency in patients with lichen planus.

Objectives: Recent studies have highlighted the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of lichen planus (LP). In the present study, the interest of the authors is focused on the investigation of ascorbic acid status in patients with LP and identification of parameters that might influence the level of this vitamin.

Material And Method: We analyzed the level of urinary ascorbic acid (reflectometric method) in 77 patients with LP (cutaneous LP (CLP)-49 cases; oral LP (OLP)-28 cases) and 50 control subjects.