Fish Consumption for the Adult Population of Hawai'i, Collected with a Self-Reported Household Survey.

The population of Hawai'i has traditionally been high in average fish consumption when compared to the national average. However, information is lacking on patterns of fish consumption among subpopulations. Data on fish consumption in the last 30 days from 11,293 adults was collected with the use of the Hawai'i Health Survey (an annual telephone survey of households and household members) during the years 2007 and 2008 and weighted to represent the adult population of Hawai'i.

Alterations in Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and their Relation to Dietary Macronutrients in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Nonacoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common complication of pediatric obesity in which diet is a major factor in causation and the cornerstone of treatment. In this review, the alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism that contribute to pediatric NAFLD, and impact of dietary proteins, carbohydrates, and fats on hepatic fat metabolism and NAFLD are described. Lastly, dietary recommendations for achieving changes in macronutrient intakes that can be beneficial in the treatment of NAFLD are provided.

Use of Fish Oil-Based Lipid Emulsions in Infants With Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease: A Case Series.

The use of fish oil-based lipid emulsions (FOLE) in the treatment of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) remains investigational. Additional evidence for safety and efficacy, particularly in the neonatal and pediatric populations, is needed. Retrospective chart review was conducted on 10 infants with short bowel syndrome who received FOLE for IFALD.

Estimation of fish intake in Asian and white female adolescents, and association with 2-year changes in body fatness and body fat distribution: the female adolescent maturation study.

Background: Fish is an important source of long-chain n-3 fatty acids in the diets of female adolescents, which may affect adipose tissue deposition.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate fish intake in Asian and white female adolescents, and to determine whether fish intake was associated with changes in body fatness and body fat distribution in this population.

Design: A cross-sectional analysis of fish intake using 3-day food records (n=200), and a prospective analysis of baseline fish intake on anthropometric measurements 2 years later was conducted (n=103).

Estimation of fish and ω-3 fatty acid intake in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Aims: Fish and ω-3 fatty acids are reported to be beneficial in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but no studies have assessed their relation to histological severity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dietary intake of fish and ω-3 fatty acids in children with biopsy-proven NAFLD, and examine their association with serological and histological indicators of disease.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 223 children (6-18 years) who participated in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children trial or the NAFLD Database study conducted by the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network.

Fish intake by adolescents is related to nutrient intake but not lifestyle factors.

Nutrition during adolescence influences long-term health outcomes. Consumption of fish has many health benefits, yet few studies have investigated associations between fish intake and nutrient intake and lifestyle factors in adolescents. A cross-sectional study utilizing 24-hour dietary recalls obtained by in-person interviews investigated relationships between fish intake and demographic characteristics, nutrient intake, and lifestyle factors among adolescents (mean age = 15.

Liver disease among children in Hawai'i diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of and factors related to liver disease among children in Hawai'i with metabolic syndrome. The medical charts of children diagnosed with metabolic syndrome by an outpatient endocrinologist between January 2000 and December 2010 were reviewed. Liver disease prevalence was estimated based on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, which were then assessed for associations with demographic (age, gender, ethnicity), anthropometric (body mass index), biochemical (fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol), and clinical (blood pressure) characteristics of subjects.

The effect of weight loss on pediatric nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease.

This study evaluated the effect of weight loss on pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Subjects included 81 overweight NAFLD patients referred to two pediatric gastroenterologists from 2000 to 2010. Data on subjects were obtained from review of medical charts.

Prices of healthy and unhealthy beverages in high and low per capita income areas.

To better understand availability and price of beverages in Hawai'i, the prices of healthy (milk, orange juice, unsweetened tea, unsweetened coffee, diet soda) and unhealthy beverages (regular soda, fruit drink, sports drink, sweetened tea, flavored water) were collected and the beverage prices in lower per capita income areas and higher per capita income areas were compared. Cross-sectional data on prices of healthy and unhealthy beverages were collected from supermarkets, convenience stores, and quick serve restaurants from two lower per capita income areas (Waimanalo and Wai'anae) and two higher per capita income areas (Hawai'i Kai and Manoa) on O'ahu, Hawai'i from May 15 to June 10, 2012. Using composite data from across all areas, there was a significant difference of $0.

Meal composition and shift work performance.

Research indicates that the ability to perform a task can be affected by the composition of the meal preceding the task. This study investigated the effect of shift workers' consumption of a medium-fat, medium-carbohydrate meal on alertness scores. Six subjects (four men, two women) aged 19 to 44 recorded food intake, sleep, and quality of sleep for two weeks, and measured their body temperature and performed cognitive tests during two night shifts at baseline and in test periods.

Exploring patient satisfaction with foodservice through focus groups and meal rounds.

The purpose of this study was to investigate adult patients' perceptions of hospital foodservice through focus groups with patients postdischarge and with nurses. The focus group themes included an emphasis on health, quality, freshness, and appropriateness; variety, selection, and choice; inability to provide feedback; menu errors; accessibility to food on the units; service; tray layout; and waste. The themes emerging from the focus groups were further explored through meal round interviews with patients (n=116) to determine areas for improvement.