Predicting respiratory failure and outcome in pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has a highly variable clinical course and outcome as indicated by the risk of developing respiratory failure and residual inability to walk. Prognostic models as Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score (EGRIS) developed in adult patients are inaccurate in children. Our aim was to determine the prognostic factors of respiratory failure and inability to walk in children with GBS and to develop a new clinical prognostic model for individual patients (EGRIS-Kids).

Early MRI diagnosis of Sturge Weber Syndrome type 1 in infants.

Background: Patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome type 1 (SWS1) have a port-wine birthmark (PWB) as cutaneous hallmark. Up to 35% of neonates with a high risk PWB develop SWS1. Clinical manifestations are severe and often progressive.

Determinants of impairments in functioning, fatigue, and participation ability in pediatric brain tumor survivors.

Background: Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) experience disease- and treatment-related sequelae. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of participation limitations, impairments in functioning, fatigue, and the association between patient, tumor- and treatment-related factors and these outcomes.

Methods: Children (4-18 years) after treatment for a brain tumor between 2005 and 2014 at the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, were eligible.

Perioperative risk factors for long-term intelligence in children with postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome after medulloblastoma surgery.

Objective: Approximately 7%-50% of children with medulloblastoma (MB) develop postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS). pCMS has a short-term negative impact on intelligence, but effects on long-term outcomes are contradictory. The aim of this study was to assess long-term effects of pCMS in MB patients on aspects of intelligence quotient (IQ) and its perioperative risk factors.

Timing and Cause of Death in Children Following Return of Circulation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: To determine timing and cause of death in children admitted to the PICU following return of circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Single-center observational cohort study at the PICU of a tertiary-care hospital (Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands) between 2012 and 2017.

Activities and Participation in the First 6 Months After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents.

Objective: To investigate the natural course of activities and participation of children up to 6 months after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study with complete data sets of 231 children diagnosed with mTBI and their caregivers.

Main Measures: Activities and participation assessed with the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP) and the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) measured at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-mTBI.

Effectiveness of the Brains Ahead! Intervention: 6 Months Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in School-Aged Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of Brains Ahead!, a psychoeducational intervention aimed to prevent long-term problems with activities and participation in children after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Participants: In total, 124 children, aged 6 to 18 years, diagnosed with mTBI and their caregivers.

Method: After randomization, participants in the intervention group received a face-to-face psychoeducational session with written take-home information and follow-up telephone call(s).

Process evaluation of 'Brains Ahead!': an intervention for children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury within a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate whether the 'Brains Ahead! Intervention for children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury' was implemented as intended. In addition, involvement in and satisfaction with the intervention among patients, caregivers and professionals delivering the intervention were studied.

Design: Mixed methods, prospective study.

Predictors of activities and participation six months after mild traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents.

Objective: This study aimed to identify predictors of long-term consequences for activities and participation in children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods: A multicentre prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted. The primary outcome measure was activities and participation measured with the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation - CASP and completed by children (N = 156) and caregivers (N = 231) six months post-mTBI.

Ketogenic diet treatment as adjuvant to standard treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: a feasibility and safety study.

Background: High-grade glioma cells consume mainly glucose and cannot compensate for glucose restriction. Apoptosis may potentially occur under carbohydrate restriction by a ketogenic diet (KD). We explored the feasibility and safety of KD during standard treatment of chemoradiation in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.

Post-operative cerebellar mutism syndrome: rehabilitation issues.

Introduction: Tumors of the cerebellum are the most common brain tumors in children. Modern treatment and aggressive surgery have improved the overall survival. Consequently, growing numbers of survivors are at high risk for developing adverse and long-term neurological deficits including deficits of cognition, behavior, speech, and language.

Real-world validation of the 2017 McDonald criteria for pediatric MS.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the McDonald 2017 vs the McDonald 2010 criteria to predict a second attack of MS (clinically definite MS [CDMS]) at the first attack of acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS).

Methods: One hundred sixty-four children (aged <18 years) with an incident attack of ADS were included in a prospective multicenter study between June 2006 and December 2016. Brain (and spinal if available) MRI was performed ≤3 months after symptom onset.

Ketogenic diet treatment in recurrent diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma in children: A safety and feasibility study.

Background: The mean overall survival rate of children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is 9-11 months, with current standard treatment with fractionated radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. So far, novel therapeutic strategies have not yet resulted in significantly better survival. The main source of energy for glioblastoma cells is glucose.

Correction to: Relevance of neuroimaging for neurocognitive and behavioral outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury.

JC Goslings is the correct name of the sixth author of this article.

T-cell activation marker sCD27 is associated with clinically definite multiple sclerosis in childhood-acquired demyelinating syndromes.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of T-cell activation marker soluble CD27 (sCD27) are associated with subsequent disease activity after a first attack of suspected MS in adults. The predictive value for disease course in children with acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) is unknown.

Objectives: To assess the predictive value of sCD27 levels for clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) diagnosis in childhood ADS.

The Brains Ahead! intervention for children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury and their caregivers: rationale and description of the treatment protocol.

Purpose:: Approximately 20% of the children and adolescents after mild traumatic brain injury will not fully recover. They suffer long-term postconcussive symptoms and may experience limitations in activities and participation. Research suggests that early psychoeducational interventions may prevent long-term postconcussive symptoms.

Evaluation of management and guideline adherence in children with mild traumatic brain injury.

Aim: To evaluate the management and guideline adherence in children with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in emergency departments (ED) in the Netherlands.

Methods: A multicentre cohort study was conducted, including children younger than 18 years with MTBI who presented within 24 hours after trauma in the ED of hospitals in the southwest region of the Netherlands, in 2014. Primary outcome measures for management were percentages of performed computed tomography (CT) scans and hospital admissions.

Long-term neuropsychological outcome following pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Objective: To provide detailed long-term outcome data of children and adolescents following pediatric anti--methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis, to identify neuropsychological impairments, and to evaluate the influence of these factors on quality of life (QoL).

Methods: All Dutch children diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were identified. Patients currently aged 4 years or older were included in the follow-up study, consisting of a visit to our clinic for a detailed interview and a standardized neuropsychological assessment.

Neurological outcome in children and youth with acquired brain injury 2-year post-injury.

Objective: To determine neurological outcome in children and youth with acquired brain injury (ABI) and explore associated factors.

Design: Cross-sectional study, two-years post-injury.

Patients: Hospital-based sample (n=112) aged 6-22 years.

Development of emotional and behavioral problems in neurofibromatosis type 1 during young childhood.

This retrospective longitudinal study in young children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) aimed to identify if, and how early problems in behavior, intelligence, and language development are associated with later behavioral problems. At the first assessment at preschool age, we evaluated language skills, intelligence, and emotional and behavioral problems as reported by parents. The second assessment at school-age we evaluated intelligence, and emotional and behavioral problems as reported by parents and teachers.