Potential savings in Mexico from screening and prevention for early diabetes and hypertension.

This study analyzes the potential economic benefits of identifying and treating patients with so-called prediabetes and prehypertension through the Mexican prevention program known by its Spanish acronym PREVENIMSS. The results show that for each US dollar invested in prevention, $84-$323 would be saved over a twenty-year period. For this and other reasons, providing preventive care for prediabetes and prehypertension patients is better than the current routine care model, in which care is provided in most cases when the disease has progressed substantially.

[Within the limits of viability: the dilemma of the obstetrician. A 5-year experience at a perinatal care center].

The study was performed in order to establish the obstetric factors that influence survival of newborns whose birth weight is under 1000 g. All medical records of babies with such birth weight, born alive at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología in Mexico City during the period from 1991 to 1996 were revised. Babies with congenital malformations, cromomosomopathies or those who after birth were referred to another medical center were excluded.

[Repeat cesarean section: a necessary procedure?].

The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical indications for the repeated cesarean section (RCS). In order to determine if the indication was an absolute or a relative one and to establish if it was justified. This is a cross sectional study of all patients with a previous cesarean delivery who underwent a RCS from January 1996 to December 1997 at the National Institute of Perinatology.

[Comparative evaluation of bone mineral density in Mexican women using x-ray bone densitometry and ultrasound].

With lifestyle changes in women, smoking and use of beverages with caffeine, and sedentarism increasing, so the risk factors for decalcification, increase; which is a public health problem by the higher incidence of osteoporotic fractures, as the age advances, specially in the postmenopause woman, which means a greater secondary morbidity-mortality; an important cause of physical disability, which directly affects psychoemotional wellbeing in women. In this study two methods of bone densitometry, were used; one of x ray, and other with ultrasound in 138 women during postmenopause with an average index of corporal mass of 29. Both results were compared of bone density, T measurement with osteopenia and osteoporosis.

[Trends of perinatal mortality at the National Institute of Perinatology].

The purpose of this study is to address the yearly fetal, neonatal, crude death rates observed at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología from 1987 through 1997, and the specific death rates for birth weight, gestation age, cause of death, avoidability, and structure and process failures as proxy to quality of medical care. Data come from death certificates following the WHO criteria which includes the maternal medical history, pregnancy follow up, birth attendance, newborn characteristics, autopsy findings, microbiological results, basic cause of death (of both maternal and fetal/neonatal origin), death avoidability, and structure and process issues. The death certificates were analyzed by the Perinatal Mortality Committee and registered into a computerized database.

[Obstetric decisions concerning adolescents vs. adults].

Information relative to the frequency of vaginal delivery and cesarean section in adolescent population is limited and contradictory. Some publications refer that cesarean section is practiced more frequently in adolescents than in adults, because teenagers have a biological immaturity and a less medical control during pregnancy; but others show that frequency of cesarean section and vaginal delivery is very similar in adolescents as in adults. The reason of this contradiction is the fact that all studies compare general populations, with or without sistemic pathologies, and with or without obstetric antecedents.

[Epidemiologic characteristics in women with sterility and cervical lesions with and without human papilloma virus infection. Comparative study].

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infections frequently cause cervical lesions of different morphologies. We have previously reported a 53.5% pregnancy rate after treatment in a group of women with infertility associated to HPV infection of the cervix uteri.

[Advanced maternal age and pregnancy: how much is too much?].

Perinatal evolution was compared and two study groups in women with advanced maternal age and pregnancy. 626 were included from a total of 778 with age 35 years, who resolved their pregnancy during 1995. They were classified, according to age, in two groups: 1) maternal age of 35-39 year; they were considered primigestas and multigestas.

Comparison of two methods for the discrimination of avoidable perinatal deaths.

This paper analyzes the validity and reliability of a method proposed by HERMAN et al [8] used to classify avoidable neonatal deaths. This method is based on a list of amenable medical conditions with an a priori decision about the avoidance of deaths. The results obtained using this method are compared to those derived from the discussion of individual cases by a committee created ex profeso.

The effectiveness of antenatal care in preventing intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight due to preterm delivery.

A case-control study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of antenatal care in preventing intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and low birth weight due to preterm delivery (PD), using data from 1837 births which took place in 25 hospitals in Mexico City during 1984. Women with an inadequate number of visits for gestational age had 63% greater odds of IUGR (95% CI: 1.01, 2.

[The evaluation of the usefulness of ultrasound independent of estradiol as a prognostic criterion for ovular capture and maturity. A comparative double-blind study].

One hundred and twenty women were studied which had primary or secondary sterility, and underwent into the GIFT or IVF-ET program at the INPer. They were divided in two groups. Group I had 96 women in which only was taken in account the follicular development measured by vaginal ultrasound to decide continuation or cancellation, in this group estradiol serum levels determination was done, but it was not used for decision making; group II had 24 women in which estradiol was taken in account in addition with ultrasound.

[Maxillofacial anthropometry tables in healthy newborns].

With the purpose of having parameters which can be useful to evaluate the maxillofacial anthropometric characteristics at birth, we present the results of maxillofacial anthropometric measurements of 22 items in 373 healthy eutrophic newborns of both sexes delivered at the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City. Minor alterations of facial structures may indicate the presence of a dysmorphological syndrome such as: wide nasal bridge and wide intercantal distance. This study did not show big increments in the different anthropometric measurements from one week of gestation to the next, except for the bizygomatic and intercommissural measurements.