Introduction: Better characterizing moyamoya disease (MMD) from ischemic strokes of other etiologies may facilitate earlier diagnosis by raising suspicion for a diagnostic work-up.
Methods: To identify associated variables, MMD cases (n = 12) were compared against three sets of controls: age-, sex-, and race-matched controls of patients with general neurological disorders (n = 48), unmatched general controls (n = 48), and unmatched non-MMD ischemic stroke controls (n = 48).
Results: MMD patients were 32 years (p < 0.