Jacobsen syndrome detected by noninvasive prenatal testing.

Background: Noninvasive prenatal testing has a high detection rate of common fetal chromosomal aneuploidies. However, detection of additional chromosome abnormalities has not been well described or validated.

Case: We report a case of Jacobsen syndrome, a congenital disorder involving deletion of chromosome 11q, detected by noninvasive prenatal testing at 14 weeks of gestation and confirmed on neonatal testing with array chromosomal genomic hybridization.

Chromosomal microarray analysis and prenatal diagnosis.

Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) assesses chromosomal copy number alterations and affords higher resolution when compared with standard karyotype. This review provides the obstetric provider with an update on the technology, use, and controversies concerning CMA utilization in prenatal diagnosis. Chromosomal microarray analysis offers increased resolution for copy number abnormalities compared with traditional karyotype.

Noninvasive prenatal testing.

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) refers to recently developed genetic tests of the maternal serum that allow higher detection rates of trisomy 21 and other chromosomal aneuploidies in high-risk pregnancies. Noninvasive prenatal test analyzes cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the maternal serum. Approximately 3% to 15% of cfDNA in the maternal blood is of fetal origin.

Practice guidelines for communicating a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome: recommendations of the national society of genetic counselors.

Down syndrome is one of the most common conditions encountered in the genetics clinic. Due to improvements in healthcare, educational opportunities, and community inclusion over the past 30 years, the life expectancy and quality of life for individuals with Down syndrome have significantly improved. As prenatal screening and diagnostic techniques have become more enhanced and widely available, genetic counselors can expect to frequently provide information and support following a new diagnosis of Down syndrome.