Reducing O sensitivity in electrochemical nitric oxide releasing catheters: An O-tolerant copper(II)-ligand nitrite reduction catalyst and a glucose oxidase catheter coating.

Electrocatalytic nitric oxide (NO) generation from nitrite (NO) within a single lumen of a dual-lumen catheter using Cu-ligand (Cu-L) mediators have been successful at demonstrating NO's potent antimicrobial and antithrombotic properties to reduce bacterial counts and mitigate clotting under low oxygen conditions (e.g., venous blood).

Electrochemical Generation of Nitric Oxide for Medical Applications.

Over the past 30 years, the significance of nitric oxide (NO) has become increasingly apparent in mammalian physiology. It is biosynthesized by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (NOS): neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS). Neuronal and eNOS both produce low levels of NO (nM) as a signaling agent and vasodilator, respectively.

Decision-Making Processes Related to Perseveration Are Indirectly Associated With Weight Status in Children Through Laboratory-Assessed Energy Intake.

Decision-making contributes to what and how much we consume, and deficits in decision-making have been associated with increased weight status in children. Nevertheless, the relationships between cognitive and affective processes underlying decision-making (i.e.

Computational modeling reveals strategic and developmental differences in the behavioral impact of reward across adolescence.

Studies of reward effects on behavior in adolescence typically rely on performance metrics that confound myriad cognitive and non-cognitive processes, making it challenging to determine which process is impacted by reward. The present longitudinal study applied the diffusion decision model to a reward task to isolate the influence of reward on response caution from influences of processing and motor speed. Participants completed three annual assessments from early to middle adolescence (N = 387, 55% female, M = 12.

A Monohydrosulfidodinitrosyldiiron Complex That Generates NO as a Model for Flavodiiron Nitric Oxide Reductases: Reaction Mechanism and Electronic Structure.

Flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases (FNORs) protect microbes from nitrosative stress under anaerobic conditions by mediating the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (NO). The proposed mechanism for the catalytic reduction of NO by FNORs involves a dinitrosyldiiron intermediate with a [hs-{FeNO}] formulation, which produces NO and a diferric species. Moreover, both NO and hydrogen sulfide (HS) have been implicated in several similar physiological functions in biology and are also known to cross paths in cell signaling.

Population Mortality and Laws Encouraging Influenza Vaccination for Hospital Workers.

Background: Since 1995, 14 states have passed laws encouraging or mandating influenza vaccination for hospital workers. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends vaccinating health care workers to reduce disease transmission and patient risk, the effect of these laws on pneumonia and influenza mortality is unknown.

Objective: To measure the effect of state-level hospital worker influenza vaccination laws on pneumonia and influenza mortality.

Individual differences in the influence of taste and health impact successful dietary self-control: A mouse tracking food choice study in children.

In order to improve dietary quality among children, there is a need to understand how they make decisions about what foods to eat. This study used a mouse tracking food choice task to better understand how attributes such as health and taste contribute to food decisions among 70 children aged 7-to-11 years old. Children rated health, taste, and desire to eat for 76 common foods that varied in energy density and then used a computer mouse to select which of two presented foods they would like to eat.

Functional Models for the Mono- and Dinitrosyl Intermediates of FNORs: Semireduction versus Superreduction of NO.

The reduction of NO to NO by flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases (FNORs) is related to the disruption of the defense mechanism in mammals against invading pathogens. The proposed mechanism for this catalytic reaction involves both nonheme mono- and dinitrosyl diiron(II) species as the key intermediates. Recently, we reported an initial account for NO reduction activity of an unprecedented mononitrosyl diiron(II) complex, [Fe(-Et-HPTB)(NO)(DMF)](BF) () (-Et-HPTB is the anion of N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-(l-ethylbenzimidazolyl))-2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane; DMF = dimethylformamide) with [Fe{FeNO}] formulation [Jana et al.

Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Cognition and Constructs of Decision-Making in Adults With and Without Hypertension.

Hypertension accelerates brain aging, resulting in cognitive dysfunction with advancing age. Exercise is widely recommended for adults with hypertension to attenuate cognitive dysfunction. Whether acute exercise benefits cognitive function in this at-risk population is unknown.

Changes in cognitive function and latent processes of decision-making during incremental ascent to high altitude.

High altitude sojourn is broadly associated with impaired cognitive function, although there are inconsistencies within the literature. Incorporation of mathematical modeling to gain insight into latent aspects of decision-making may strengthen the ability to characterize changes in cognitive function during high altitude sojourn. This study sought to examine the effects of high altitude on cognitive function and underlying constructs of decision-making during an 11-d incremental ascent to 5160 m in 18 healthy adults (26 ± 12 yrs).

A Structural Model for the Iron-Nitrosyl Adduct of Gentisate Dioxygenase.

We present the synthesis, properties, and characterization of [Fe(T1Et4iPrIP)(NO)(HO)](OTf) () (T1Et4iPrIP = Tris(1-ethyl-4-isopropyl-imidazolyl)phosphine) as a model for the nitrosyl adduct of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (GDO). The further characterization of [Fe(T1Et4iPrIP)(THF)(NO)(OTf)](OTf) () which was previously communicated (. , , 5414) is also presented.

Brugada Syndrome Manifesting Only During Fever in Patient with Septic Shock Secondary to Post-Obstructive Pneumonia.

BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome is a cardiac disorder associated with sudden death due to sodium channelopathy, most commonly the SCN5a mutation. There are 3 different patterns of electrocardiogram (ECG) changes characterized as type I, II, and III. ECG patterns consist of variations of incomplete RBBB and ST elevation in anterior precordial leads only.

Periostin overexpression in collecting ducts accelerates renal cyst growth and fibrosis in polycystic kidney disease.

In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), persistent activation of cell proliferation and matrix production contributes to cyst growth and fibrosis, leading to progressive deterioration of renal function. Previously, we showed that periostin, a matricellular protein involved in tissue repair, is overexpressed by cystic epithelial cells of PKD kidneys. Periostin binds αβ-integrins and activates integrin-linked kinase (ILK), leading to Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated proliferation of human PKD cells.

Non-Heme Diiron Model Complexes Can Mediate Direct NO Reduction: Mechanistic Insight into Flavodiiron NO Reductases.

Flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases (FNORs), a common enzyme family found in various types of pathogenic bacteria, are capable of reducing nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (NO) as a protective detoxification mechanism. Utilization of FNORs in pathogenic bacteria helps them survive and proliferate in the human body, thus causing chronic infections. In this paper, we present a new diiron model complex, [Fe((PyPhO)MP)(OPr)](OTf), with bridging propionate ligands (OPr) that is capable of directly reducing NO to NO in quantitative yield without the need to (super)reduce the complex.

Non-heme High-Spin {FeNO} Complexes: One Ligand Platform Can Do It All.

Heme and non-heme iron-nitrosyl complexes are important intermediates in biology. While there are numerous examples of low-spin heme iron-nitrosyl complexes in different oxidation states, much less is known about high-spin (hs) non-heme iron-nitrosyls in oxidation states other than the formally ferrous NO adducts ({FeNO} in the Enemark-Feltham notation). In this study, we present a complete series of hs-{FeNO} complexes using the TMGtren coligand.

Is brain response to food rewards related to overeating? A test of the reward surfeit model of overeating in children.

The reward surfeit model of overeating suggests that heightened brain response to rewards contributes to overeating and subsequent weight gain. However, previous studies have not tested whether brain response to reward is associated with food intake, particularly during childhood, a period of dynamic development in reward and inhibitory control neurocircuitry. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with 7-11-year-old children (n = 59; healthy weight, n = 31; overweight, n = 28; 54% female) while they played a modified card-guessing paradigm to examine blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response to anticipating and winning rewards (food, money, neutral).

Metastudies for robust tests of theory.

We describe and demonstrate an empirical strategy useful for discovering and replicating empirical effects in psychological science. The method involves the design of a metastudy, in which many independent experimental variables-that may be moderators of an empirical effect-are indiscriminately randomized. Radical randomization yields rich datasets that can be used to test the robustness of an empirical claim to some of the vagaries and idiosyncrasies of experimental protocols and enhances the generalizability of these claims.

The Semireduced Mechanism for Nitric Oxide Reduction by Non-Heme Diiron Complexes: Modeling Flavodiiron Nitric Oxide Reductases.

Flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases (FNORs) are a subclass of flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) capable of preferential binding and subsequent reduction of NO to NO. FNORs are found in certain pathogenic bacteria, equipping them with resistance to nitrosative stress, generated as a part of the immune defense in humans, and allowing them to proliferate. Here, we report the spectroscopic characterization and detailed reactivity studies of the diiron dinitrosyl model complex [Fe(BPMP)(OPr)(NO)](OTf) for the FNOR active site that is capable of reducing NO to NO [Zheng et al.

Individual differences in emotion processing: how similar are diffusion model parameters across tasks?

The goal of this study was to replicate findings of diffusion model parameters capturing emotion effects in a lexical decision task and investigating whether these findings extend to other tasks of implicit emotion processing. Additionally, we were interested in the stability of diffusion model parameters across emotional stimuli and tasks for individual subjects. Responses to words in a lexical decision task were compared with responses to faces in a gender categorization task for stimuli of the emotion categories: happy, neutral and fear.

Functional Mononitrosyl Diiron(II) Complex Mediates the Reduction of NO to NO with Relevance for Flavodiiron NO Reductases.

Reaction of [Fe(N-Et-HPTB)(CHCOS)](BF) (1) with (NO)(BF) produces a nonheme mononitrosyl diiron(II) complex, [Fe(N-Et-HPTB)(NO)(DMF)](BF) (2). Complex 2 is the first example of a [Fe{Fe(NO)}] species and is also the first example of a mononitrosyl diiron(II) complex that mediates the reduction of NO to NO. This work describes the selective synthesis, detailed characterization and NO reduction activity of 2 and thus provides new insights regarding the mechanism of flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases.

Electrophysiological correlates of the drift diffusion model in visual word recognition.

This study was designed to explore the electrophysiological correlates of the diffusion models drift rate parameter in cognitive decision making. Eighty-two participants completed a lexical decision task while their stimulus-dependent event-related potentials (ERP) and theta frequency band power were measured. A mass univariate approach was applied to examine the timeline at which correlations were evident.