A surrogate long-bone model with osteoporotic material properties for biomechanical testing of fracture implants.

In vitro comparative testing of fracture fixation implants is limited by the highly variable material properties of cadaveric bone. Bone surrogate specimens are often employed to avoid this confounding variable. Although validated surrogate models of normal bone (NB) exist, no validated bone model simulating weak, osteoporotic bone (OPB) is available.