Biennial Endoscopic Surveillance of Gastrointestinal Metaplasia and Its Subtypes Reduces Gastric Cancer Mortality and Is Cost-Effective in a Markov State Transition Model.

Objectives: Gastric cancer in the United States has a low survival rate mainly because of the late stage of diagnosis. Furthermore, there are no well-established guidelines concerning screening and surveillance even for higher risk patients such as those with nondysplastic noncardia gastrointestinal metaplasia (GIM), and thus they are not routinely performed. This study was designed to provide new evidence-based data that can be used to support the implementation of biennial surveillance guidelines in individuals with nondysplastic noncardia GIM.

The Genomic and Phenotypic Landscape of Ichthyosis: An Analysis of 1000 Kindreds.

Importance: Ichthyoses are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by scaly skin. Despite decades of investigation identifying pathogenic variants in more than 50 genes, clear genotype-phenotype associations have been difficult to establish.

Objective: To expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectra of ichthyosis and delineate genotype-phenotype associations.

A Review of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Immunopathogenesis.

Despite the advances in therapy, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) still represent a significant global health burden, both as major causes of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death worldwide. HBV is capable of incorporating its covalently closed circular DNA into the host cell's hepatocyte genome, making it rather difficult to eradicate its chronic stage. Successful viral clearance depends on the complex interactions between the virus and host's innate and adaptive immune response.

Dysphagia in a Cancer Patient.

Hypercalcemia causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, constipation, and pancreatitis but has not been commonly associated with dysphagia. In patients with cancer, dysphagia has been attributed to local tumor invasion or as a complication from surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, there are cases of dysphagia in setting of malignancy with rapid resolution of symptoms after treatment of hypercalcemia.

Belly Dancer's Dyskinesia: A Rare Condition.

Belly dancer's dyskinesia or diaphragmatic flutter (DF) is a rare condition characterized by repetitive involuntary contractions of the diaphragm. Also known as diaphragmatic myoclonus (DM), this disorder can manifest with involuntary movement of the abdominal wall and contraction of accessory respiratory muscles or respiratory myoclonus. Because of its variable presentation, diagnosis can often be difficult and delayed.

Mutations Affecting Keratin 10 Surface-Exposed Residues Highlight the Structural Basis of Phenotypic Variation in Epidermolytic Ichthyosis.

Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) due to KRT10 mutations is a rare, typically autosomal dominant, disorder characterized by generalized erythema and cutaneous blistering at birth followed by hyperkeratosis and less frequent blistering later in life. We identified two KRT10 mutations p.Q434del and p.

Somatic ATP2A2 mutation in a case of papular acantholytic dyskeratosis: mosaic Darier disease.

Papular acantholytic dyskeratosis, also known as acantholytic dermatosis of the vulvocrural (or anogenital) area, is an uncommon eruption reported predominantly in women. This entity manifests with pruritic papules in the groin/anogenital area and less commonly on the chest. The pathobiology of papular acantholytic dyskeratosis is uncertain.