Arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, and smoke exposure in wildland firefighters.

Objectives: To assess the association between exposure, oxidative stress, symptoms, and cardiorespiratory function in wildland firefighters.

Methods: We studied two Interagency Hotshot Crews with questionnaires, pulse wave analysis for arterial stiffness, spirometry, urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the smoke exposure marker (urinary levoglucosan). Arterial stiffness was assessed by examining levels of the aortic augmentation index, expressed as a percentage.

State-specific ATV-related fatality rates: an update in the new millennium.

Objectives: We compared state-specific all-terrain vehicle (ATV) fatality rates from 2000-2007 with 1990-1999 data, grouping states according to helmet, training, and licensure requirements.

Methods: We used the CDC WONDER online database to identify ATV cases from 2000-2007 and calculate rates per 100,000 population by state, gender, and age.

Results: ATV deaths (n=7,231) occurred at a rate of 0.