Dynamic heterogeneity in COVID-19: Insights from a mathematical model.

Critical illness, such as severe COVID-19, is heterogenous in presentation and treatment response. However, it remains possible that clinical course may be influenced by dynamic and/or random events such that similar patients subject to similar injuries may yet follow different trajectories. We deployed a mechanistic mathematical model of COVID-19 to determine the range of possible clinical courses after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may follow from specific changes in viral properties, immune properties, treatment modality and random external factors such as initial viral load.

In silico clinical studies for optimal COVID-19 vaccination schedules in patients with cancer.

This study introduces a tailored COVID-19 model for patients with cancer, incorporating viral variants and immune-response dynamics. The model aims to optimize vaccination strategies, contributing to personalized healthcare for vulnerable groups.

How Treatment Effect Heterogeneity Works.

How Treatment Effect Heterogeneity WorksThis Stats, STAT! animated video explores the concept of treatment effect heterogeneity. Differences in the effectiveness of treatments across participants in a clinical trial is important to understand when deciding how to apply clinical trial results to clinical practice.

How Statistical Power Works.

How Statistical Power WorksThis Stats, STAT! animated video explores the concept of statistical power and explains how clinical investigators determine how many participants to enroll in a randomized trial.

How Censoring Works.

How Censoring WorksA common challenge in clinical research is determining the time to occurrence of a given event. This animated video explores the concept of censoring in survival analysis and how investigators deal with ambiguity in the time of an event's occurrence.

Large Language Models.

Large Language ModelsIn the latest edition of Stats, STAT!, Fralick and colleagues explain the statistics behind large language models - used in chat bots like ChatGPT and Bard. While these new tools may seem remarkably intelligent, at their core they just assemble sentences based on statistics from large amounts of text.

Good Intentions to Treat.

Good Intentions to Treat This Stats, STAT! animated video explores common approaches to analyzing data from randomized controlled trials, including intention-to-treat, per-protocol, and as-treated analyses.

Bayesian Way.

Bayesian WayThis animated video explores two possible approaches to analyzing data in a randomized controlled trial: "Frequentist" versus "Bayesian."

Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are effective at limiting disease severity, but effectiveness is lower among patients with cancer or immunosuppression. Effectiveness wanes with time and varies by vaccine type. Moreover, previously prescribed vaccines were based on the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein that emerging variants may evade.

Prolonged Prone Position Ventilation Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in Intubated COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Prone position ventilation (PPV) is resource-intensive, yet the optimal strategy for PPV in intubated patients with COVID-19 is unclear.

Research Question: Does a prolonged (24 or more h) PPV strategy improve mortality in intubated COVID-19 patients compared with intermittent (∼16 h with daily supination) PPV?

Study Design And Methods: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study of consecutively admitted intubated COVID-19 patients treated with PPV between March 11 and May 31, 2020. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality.

Interface - A New Series from .

Interface - A New Series from A major motivation for the launch of was a belief that understanding the nuances of study design and execution is key to assessing how the results of a study can, or cannot, influence clinical practice. A corollary is that maximizing clinical utility should be the major focus of study design. It is now widely appreciated that these goals are not optimally achieved solely by relying on binary interpretation of P values in traditional randomized controlled trials.

Fossil-Fuel Pollution and Climate Change - A New NEJM Group Series.

Fossil-Fuel Pollution and Climate ChangeThe editors announce a new NEJM Group series on climate change and the increasingly urgent health and care delivery challenges we face. Articles will appear in the , in , and in .

Strategies to minimize heterogeneity and optimize clinical trials in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Insights from mathematical modelling.

Background: Mathematical modelling may aid in understanding the complex interactions between injury and immune response in critical illness.

Methods: We utilize a system biology model of COVID-19 to analyze the effect of altering baseline patient characteristics on the outcome of immunomodulatory therapies. We create example parameter sets meant to mimic diverse patient types.