Risk and response adapted de-intensified treatment for HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: Optima paradigm expanded experience.

Background: Favorable prognosis for Human papillomavirus-associated (HPV+) oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) led to investigation of response-adaptive de-escalation, yet long-term outcomes are unknown. We present expanded experience and follow-up of risk/response adaptive treatment de-intensification in HPV+ OPC.

Methods: A phase 2 trial (OPTIMA) and subsequent cohort of sequential off-protocol patients treated from September 2014 to November 2018 at the University of Chicago were reviewed.

Immune-related adverse events are associated with improved response, progression-free survival, and overall survival for patients with head and neck cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: The authors hypothesized that patients developing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) while receiving immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) for recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC) would have improved oncologic outcomes.

Methods: Patients with recurrent/metastatic HNC received ICI at 2 centers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier methods, and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to associate the irAE status with the overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in cohort 1 (n = 108).

Phase I Study of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy plus Nivolumab and Urelumab or Cabiralizumab in Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: CD137 agonism and CSF1R blockade augment stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and anti-programmed death-1 in preclinical models. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of SBRT with nivolumab+urelumab (CD137 agonist) or nivolumab+cabiralizumab (CSF1R inhibitor).

Patients And Methods: This phase I clinical trial enrolled patients with advanced solid tumors that had progressed on standard therapies.

Incidence, predisposing conditions and outcomes of cutaneous mucormycosis: A national database study.

Background: The body of evidence on cutaneous mucormycosis is largely derived from case reports or single-centre databases.

Objectives: Our study aimed to describe incidence, predisposing factors and inpatient outcomes of cutaneous mucormycosis in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective study using the National Inpatient Sample 2016-17 data.

Update of Radiation Techniques Using Photons for Anterior Skull Base Tumors.

Anterior skull base tumors represent a challenge for radiation therapy (RT) planning given the close proximity of the target lesion to numerous critical structures in this complex anatomic location. Despite this challenge, surgery followed by postoperative RT is a common treatment paradigm for malignant sinonasal tumors that has been associated with improved outcomes compared to single-modality treatment. Therefore, technological advancements allowing for increasingly conformal target coverage and sparing of organs at risk are important to accomplish the goal of delivering RT with the highest therapeutic ratio possible.

Definition, Biology, and History of Oligometastatic and Oligoprogressive Disease.

Historical theories of metastasis have been informed by the seed and soil hypothesis, the Halsteadian paradigm proposing an orderly spread from local to distant sites, and the presumption that cancer is an inherently systemic process even in the earliest cases. The more contemporary spectrum theory now suggests that the propensity for distant spread exists along a continuum of metastatic virulence. Tumors with limited metastatic potential represent one subset along this spectrum that could potentially be cured with local ablative therapy.

Adjuvant chemotherapy following stereotactic body radiotherapy for early stage non-small-cell lung cancer is associated with lower overall: A National Cancer Database Analysis.

Objectives: Adjuvant chemotherapy is routinely offered post-surgical resection for early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ≥4 cm; however, its role following definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has not been well defined. We investigated the association between receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy post-SBRT and overall survival (OS) for patients with T1-T3N0M0 NSCLC in the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Materials And Methods: The NCDB was queried for patients with T1-T3N0M0 NSCLC treated with definitive SBRT from 2004 to 2014.

Application of a Prognostic Stratification System for High-risk Prostate Cancer to Patients Treated With Radiotherapy: Implications for Treatment Optimization.

Objectives: We applied an established prognostic model to high-risk prostate cancer (HRPC) patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) and evaluated the influence of clinical and treatment variables on treatment outcomes.

Methods: In total, 1075 HRPC patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy (RT) between 1995 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Median follow-up was 62.

Overall survival according to immunotherapy and radiation treatment for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a National Cancer Database analysis.

Background: Preclinical studies suggest enhanced anti-tumor activity with combined radioimmunotherapy. We hypothesized that radiation (RT) + immunotherapy would associate with improved overall survival (OS) compared to immunotherapy or chemotherapy alone for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with stage IV NSCLC receiving chemotherapy or immunotherapy from 2013 to 2014.

Oligometastatic prostate cancer: Reality or figment of imagination?

The term "oligometastatic prostate cancer" refers to a heterogeneous group of disease states currently defined solely on the basis of clinical features. Oligorecurrent disease, de novo oligometastases, and oligoprogressive disease likely have unique biologic underpinnings and natural histories. Evidence suggesting the existence of a subset of patients who harbor prostate cancer with limited metastatic potential currently includes disparate and overwhelmingly retrospective reports.

Correction: Treatment outcomes and HPV characteristics for an institutional cohort of patients with anal cancer receiving concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Definitive chemoradiation for locally-advanced oral cavity cancer: A 20-year experience.

Objectives: Definitive chemoradiation (CRT) for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC-SCC) is often criticized for poor efficacy or toxicity. We describe a favorable 20-year experience of primary CRT for locally-advanced OC-SCC.

Materials And Methods: Patients with locally-advanced, stage III/IV OC-SCC receiving primary concomitant CRT on protocols from 1994 to 2014 were analyzed.

Treatment outcomes and HPV characteristics for an institutional cohort of patients with anal cancer receiving concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

Background: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been used to limit treatment-related toxicity for patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The treatment outcomes and HPV characteristics for a cohort of patients receiving definitive concurrent chemotherapy and IMRT are reported.

Materials And Methods: 52 patients with anal SCC were treated with IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy.

Duration of Androgen Deprivation Therapy Influences Outcomes for Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy Following Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: Limited data exist to guide the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for men treated with radiation therapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy (RP). The optimal duration of ADT in this setting is unknown.

Objective: To determine if the duration of ADT influences clinical outcomes for men receiving post-RP RT.

Less advanced disease at initiation of salvage androgen deprivation therapy is associated with decreased mortality following biochemical failure post-salvage radiation therapy.

Background: The optimal clinical context for initiation of salvage androgen deprivation therapy (SADT) following the biochemical recurrence of localized prostate cancer remains controversial. We chose to investigate if disease burden at time of SADT initiation is associated with clinical outcomes following biochemical failure (BF) post-salvage radiation therapy (SRT).

Methods: Medical records of 575 patients receiving SRT at a single institution from 1986-2010 were retrospectively reviewed.