Evaluation of a Digital Home Weight Monitoring Program for Infants With Cleft Palate.

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of a digital home monitoring program for infants with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L), compared to monitoring through in-person clinic visits.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: One metropolitan pediatric hospital.

Velopharyngeal Gap Size During Sustained Vowel Production Correlates With Perceptual Ratings of Hypernasality in Connected Speech.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceptual ratings of hypernasality made during connected speech and velopharyngeal (VP) gap size measured in millimeters in the sagittal plane during sustained vowel production using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Method: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was completed. A subgroup of 110 participants from another study with an of 10.

Speech and Resonance Disorders in Children With Cleft Palate: Diagnostic Evaluation and Current Speech Therapy Modalities.

This article will provide an overview of how speech and resonance can be impacted in children with cleft palate. The authors will outline evidence-based assessment and treatment approaches commonly used for children with cleft palate and provide information on current initiatives to provide speech therapy. The methods discussed will be the use of telehealth to provide access to speech therapy for patients in areas without speech-language pathologists and the use of speech therapy camps to offer intensive, limited-duration speech therapy for groups of children due to the lack of trained providers in certain geographical regions.

Impact of an International Training on Interventionists' Expertise in Cleft Palate Speech: Results From Oaxaca, Mexico.

Purpose: International cleft lip and palate surgical charities recognize that speech therapy is essential for successful care of individuals after palate repair. The challenge is how to ensure that cleft speech interventionists (i.e.

Concomitant midline ventral and inguinal hernia repair: can we create an algorithmic approach?

Purpose: International guidelines exist for surgical treatment of either ventral or inguinal hernias repair (VHR; IHR). However, approach for managing both of them remains unestablished and is further complicated by newly developed surgical techniques and modalities (namely, robotic). This highlights the need for a tailored, algorithmic strategy to streamline surgical management.

Mysterious Morphology: An Investigation of the Octopus Keel and Its Association with Burrowing.

The octopus keel is a trait that has been hypothesized to be connected with burrowing in octopuses, but has never been explored in any detail. We investigated the association between these two traits using two approaches. First, we examined the phylogenetic correlation between the presence of a keel and known burrowing behavior in cirrate octopuses.

Modifiable in-hospital factors for 12-month global cognition, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and depression symptoms in adults hospitalized with COVID-19.

Background: We sought to identify potentially modifiable in-hospital factors associated with global cognition, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and depression symptoms at 12 months.

Methods: This was a multi-center prospective cohort study in adult hospitalized patients with acute COVID-19. The following in-hospital factors were assessed: delirium; frequency of in-person and virtual visits by friends and family; and hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroid, and remdesivir administration.

Assessing the Agreement of Hypernasality and Audible Nasal Emission Ratings Between Audio-Recordings and a Clinic Setting.

Assess agreement of hypernasality and audible nasal emission (ANE) ratings between audio-recordings and a clinic setting. Cross-sectional study using retrospective clinical recordings. Audio-recording ratings by two trained speech language pathologists.

Speech Production Errors in Children With Cleft Palate With or Without Cleft Lip.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of speech production errors in children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L) and explore characteristics related to speech production errors.

Method: Fifty-six children with nonsyndromic CP±L between the ages of 4;0 and 7;11 (years;months) were included in this study. The children's audio-recorded production of a sentence repetition task was transcribed using narrow transcription and coded for speech error type.

Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 Inhibition Promotes Locomotor and Autonomic Recovery in Rats following Spinal Cord Injury.

The inflammatory response associated with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) contributes to locomotor and sensory impairments. Pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages/microglia (MϕMG) are the major cellular players in this response as they promote chronic inflammation resulting in injury expansion and tissue damage. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) promotes M1 MϕMG differentiation; however, it is unknown if FABP4 also plays a role in the etiology of SCI.

The Effectiveness of Palate Re-Repair for Treating Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Palate re-repair has been proposed as an effective treatment for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) with a low risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the proportion of patients achieving normal speech resonance following palate re-repair for VPI, the proportion developing OSA, and the criteria for patient selection that are associated with increased effectiveness.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched from inception through April 2018 for English language articles evaluating palate re-repair for the treatment of VPI in patients with a repaired cleft palate.

Chaperone Mediated Autophagy in the Crosstalk of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Metabolic Disorders.

Chaperone Mediated Autophagy (CMA) is a lysosomal-dependent protein degradation pathway. At least 30% of cytosolic proteins can be degraded by this process. The two major protein players of CMA are LAMP-2A and HSC70.

Hidden Magnetic States Emergent Under Electric Field, In A Room Temperature Composite Magnetoelectric Multiferroic.

The ability to control a magnetic phase with an electric field is of great current interest for a variety of low power electronics in which the magnetic state is used either for information storage or logic operations. Over the past several years, there has been a considerable amount of research on pathways to control the direction of magnetization with an electric field. More recently, an alternative pathway involving the change of the magnetic state (ferromagnet to antiferromagnet) has been proposed.

Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 Modulates Docosahexaenoic Acid-Induced Recovery in Rats Undergoing Spinal Cord Injury.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) promote functional recovery in rats undergoing spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the precise molecular mechanism coupling n-3 PUFAs to neurorestorative responses is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the spatiotemporal expression of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) after contusive SCI and to investigate whether this protein plays a role in n-3 PUFA-mediated functional recovery post-SCI.

The Americleft Speech Project: A Training and Reliability Study.

Objective: To describe the results of two reliability studies and to assess the effect of training on interrater reliability scores.

Design: The first study (1) examined interrater and intrarater reliability scores (weighted and unweighted kappas) and (2) compared interrater reliability scores before and after training on the use of the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented (CAPS-A) with British English-speaking children. The second study examined interrater and intrarater reliability on a modified version of the CAPS-A (CAPS-A Americleft Modification) with American and Canadian English-speaking children.

Genetic relationship between predisposition for binge alcohol consumption and blunted sensitivity to adverse effects of alcohol in mice.

Background: Initial sensitivity to ethanol (EtOH) and the capacity to develop acute functional tolerance (AFT) to its adverse effects may influence the amount of alcohol consumed and may also predict future alcohol use patterns. The current study assessed sensitivity and AFT to the ataxic and hypnotic effects of EtOH in the first replicate of mice (HDID-1) selectively bred for high blood EtOH concentrations (BECs) following limited access to EtOH in the Drinking in the Dark (DID) paradigm.

Methods: Naïve male and female HDID-1 and HS/Npt mice from the progenitor stock were evaluated in 3 separate experiments.

Reliability and validity of nasality ratings between a monolingual and bilingual listener for speech samples from English-Spanish-Speaking children.

Objective: This study sought to determine if a monolingual English listener could rate nasality in English and in Spanish with the same proficiency as a bilingual English-Spanish listener, and to compare nasalance scores with nasality ratings.

Patients And Methods: Speakers for this study were 26 bilingual English-Spanish-speaking children. Speech samples and nasalance scores were obtained simultaneously as each speaker recited one English sentence and one Spanish sentence.

Metabolomics uncovers dietary omega-3 fatty acid-derived metabolites implicated in anti-nociceptive responses after experimental spinal cord injury.

Chronic neuropathic pain is a frequent comorbidity following spinal cord injury (SCI) and often fails to respond to conventional pain management strategies. Preventive administration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or the consumption of a diet rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3PUFAs) confers potent prophylaxis against SCI and improves functional recovery. The present study examines whether this novel dietary strategy provides significant antinociceptive benefits in rats experiencing SCI-induced pain.

The effects of acute nicotine, chronic nicotine, and withdrawal from chronic nicotine on performance of a cued appetitive response.

Nicotine is a widely used addictive drug, with an estimated 73 million Americans 12 years of age or older having used a tobacco product in the last month, despite documented risks to personal health. Nicotine alters cognitive processes, which include effects on attention and impulsivity, a mechanism that may contribute to the addictive properties of the drug. Individuals with a variety of psychological disorders ranging from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to schizophrenia smoke at a higher rate than the rest of the population and show deficits in impulse control.

Analysis of oseltamivir resistance substitutions in influenza virus glycoprotein neuraminidase using a lentivirus-based surrogate assay system.

Influenza A virus poses a great threat to global health, and oseltamivir (trade marked as Tamiflu), which targets influenza surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA), is used clinically as a major anti-influenza treatment. However, certain substitutions in NA can render an influenza virus resistant to this drug. In this study, using a lentiviral pseudotyping system, which alleviates the safety concerns of studying highly pathogenic influenza viruses such as avian influenza H5N1, that utilizes influenza surface glycoproteins (hemagglutinin or HA, and NA) and an HIV-core combined with a luciferase reporter gene as a surrogate assay, we first assessed the functionality of NA by measuring pseudovirion release in the absence or presence of oseltamivir.

Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve the neurolipidome and restore the DHA status while promoting functional recovery after experimental spinal cord injury.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) confer multiple health benefits and decrease the risk of neurological disorders. Studies are needed, however, to identify promising cellular targets and to assess their prophylactic value against neurodegeneration. The present study (1) examined the efficacy of a preventive diet enriched with ω-3 PUFAs to reduce dysfunction in a well-established spinal cord injury (SCI) animal model and (2) used a novel metabolomics data analysis to identify potential neurolipidomic targets.

Integrity of the oral tissues in patients with solid-organ transplants.

The relationship between the use of immunosuppressants in solid-organ transplant patients and oral tissue abnormalities has been recognized. The objective of this study was to determine the state of oral tissue integrity in renal, heart, and liver transplant patients who are on continuous medical and dental control. Forty patients of both sexes were clinically evaluated at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile to identify pathologies of oral mucosa, gingival enlargement (GE), decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, and salivary flow.