Fully Automated Measurement of the Insall-Salvati Ratio with Artificial Intelligence.

Patella alta (PA) and patella baja (PB) affect 1-2% of the world population, but are often underreported, leading to potential complications like osteoarthritis. The Insall-Salvati ratio (ISR) is commonly used to diagnose patellar height abnormalities. Artificial intelligence (AI) keypoint models show promising accuracy in measuring and detecting these abnormalities.

MRI Evaluation of Various Elbow, Forearm, and Wrist Neuropathies: A Pictorial Review.

Upper extremity entrapment neuropathies are common and can cause pain, sensory loss, and muscle weakness leading to functional disability. We conducted a retrospective review from January 2007 until March 2020 of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of intrinsic and extrinsic causes of wrist, forearm, and elbow neuropathies of 637 patients who received a diagnosis of neuropathy by means of clinical and electrodiagnostic testing. We discuss cases with varying intrinsic and extrinsic nerve pathologies, including postoperative examples, affecting the median, radial, and ulnar nerve.

Epiphyseal Ewing Sarcoma in a skeletally mature patient: A case report and review of the literature.

While Ewing sarcoma of bone is the second most common primary osseous malignancy in childhood where it typically involves the diaphysis or metadiaphyses of long bones of skeletally immature patients, primary epiphyseal involvement of the long bone in skeletally mature patients is rare with no cases reported in the literature to our knowledge, rendering this case the first of its kind. We present the first case of primary Ewing Sarcoma of the epiphyses of the long bones in a skeletally mature 20-year-old male patient. The patient initially presented with left knee stiffness and pain that was empirically treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications.

MRI features of pyoderma gangrenosum in a diabetic patient with ulcerative colitis: A case report and review of the literature.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare noninfectious skin condition which clinical picture can overlap with that of the diabetic foot. Meticulous physical examination along with biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can make the distinction easier, saving the patients from undergoing a debilitating intervention. We report a case of pathologically proven PG in the right ankle region of a 55-year old male with known uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and inflammatory bowel disease.

Rhabdomyolysis as a manifestation of a severe case of COVID-19: A case report.

Since the outbreak of the ongoing pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, from December 2019, we have learned that multiple organs can be affected with the potential for various complications. Although myalgia is a frequent symptom in COVID-19 patients, no imaging findings of rhabdomyolysis have been featured in the literature. We report a case of presumed rhabdomyolysis in a 38-year-old male with COVID-19 based on the clinical presentation, laboratory results and radiological findings.

Evaluation of HCC response to locoregional therapy: Validation of MRI-based response criteria versus explant pathology.

Background And Aims: This study evaluates the performance of various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) response criteria for the prediction of complete pathologic necrosis (CPN) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) post locoregional therapy (LRT) using explant pathology as a reference.

Methods: We included 61 patients (male/female 46/15; mean age 60years) who underwent liver transplantation after LRT with transarterial chemoembolization plus radiofrequency or microwave ablation (n=56), or Yttrium radioembolization (n=5). MRI was performed <90days before liver transplantation.

Comparison Between 3-Scan Trace and Diagonal Body Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Acquisitions: A Phantom and Volunteer Study.

Diagonal diffusion-weighted imaging (dDWI) uses simultaneous maximized application of 3 orthogonal gradient systems as opposed to sequential acquisition in 3 directions in conventional 3-scan trace DWI (tDWI). Several theoretical advantages of dDWI vs. tDWI include reduced artifacts and increased sharpness.

DWI of the prostate: Comparison of a faster diagonal acquisition to standard three-scan trace acquisition.

Purpose: To compare a faster diagonal diffusion-weighted imaging (d-DWI) to conventional three-scan trace DWI (t-DWI) acquisition for prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in terms of image quality, tumor detection/conspicuity, Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) characterization, quantitative estimated signal-to-noise ratio (eSNR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement.

Patients And Methods: A total of 34 consecutive men with suspected prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent 3T MRI of the prostate were assessed. MRI included t-DWI and d-DWI (using b-values of 50, 1000, and 1600 s/mm , number of averages 1/5/10 for t-DWI vs.

Technical Failure of MR Elastography Examinations of the Liver: Experience from a Large Single-Center Study.

Purpose To assess the determinants of technical failure of magnetic resonance (MR) elastography of the liver in a large single-center study. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. Seven hundred eighty-one MR elastography examinations performed in 691 consecutive patients (mean age, 58 years; male patients, 434 [62.

Contrast-Enhanced Dixon Fat-Water Separation Imaging of the Spine: Added Value of Fat, In-Phase and Opposed-Phase Imaging in Marrow Lesion Detection.

Objective: Beyond fat suppression (FS), the efficacy of (fat-water separation or Dixon [FWD]) Dixon imaging in gadolinium-enhanced spine imaging has yet to be validated. This study evaluated enhanced opposed-phase (OP) and fat-only (FO) images along with water-only (WO; FS) images against traditional unenhanced techniques and rated the incremental value of in-phase imaging in patients with presumed neoplastic focal spine lesions.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 36 subjects with focal spine lesions imaged with FWD was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively.

Diffusion-weighted imaging outside the brain: Consensus statement from an ISMRM-sponsored workshop.

The significant advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hardware and software, sequence design, and postprocessing methods have made diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) an important part of body MRI protocols and have fueled extensive research on quantitative diffusion outside the brain, particularly in the oncologic setting. In this review, we summarize the most up-to-date information on DWI acquisition and clinical applications outside the brain, as discussed in an ISMRM-sponsored symposium held in April 2015. We first introduce recent advances in acquisition, processing, and quality control; then review scientific evidence in major organ systems; and finally describe future directions.

Three-Tesla imaging of the pituitary and parasellar region: T1-weighted 3-dimensional fast spin echo cube outperforms conventional 2-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: We explored how a novel T1-weighted 3-dimensional (3D) fast spin echo (FSE) sequence (Cube; GE, Waukesha, Wis) might outperform conventional 2-dimensional (2D) FSE techniques for contrast-enhanced imaging of the pituitary and parasellar region.

Methods: Ninety-one patients were imaged with 3D Cube and conventional 2D FSE on a 3.0-T magnetic resonance scanner.

Quiet PROPELLER MRI techniques match the quality of conventional PROPELLER brain imaging techniques.

Background And Purpose: Switching of magnetic field gradients is the primary source of acoustic noise in MR imaging. Sound pressure levels can run as high as 120 dB, capable of producing physical discomfort and at least temporary hearing loss, mandating hearing protection. New technology has made quieter techniques feasible, which range from as low as 80 dB to nearly silent.

Whole-brain adaptive 70-kVp perfusion imaging with variable and extended sampling improves quality and consistency while reducing dose.

Background And Purpose: Despite common use of CTP to assess cerebral hemodynamics in the setting of ischemia, concerns over radiation exposure remain. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of an adaptive 70-kVp (peak) whole-brain CTP protocol with variable sampling intervals and extended duration against an established fixed-sampling, limited-period protocol at 80 kVp.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 37 patients with stroke scanned with conventional (n = 17) and variant-protocol (n = 20) whole-brain CTP was performed.

Optimized imaging of the postoperative spine.

Few tasks in imaging are more challenging than that of optimizing evaluations of the instrumented spine. The authors describe how applying fundamental and more advanced principles to postoperative spine computed tomography and magnetic resonance examinations mitigates the challenges associated with metal implants and significantly improves image quality and consistency. Newer and soon-to-be-available enhancements should provide improved visualization of tissues and hardware as multispectral imaging sequences continue to develop.

Repeated head CT in the neurosurgical intensive care unit: feasibility of sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction-based ultra-low-dose CT for surveillance.

Background And Purpose: Patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit undergo multiple head CT scans, resulting in high cumulative radiation exposures. Our aim was to assess the acceptability of a dedicated, special-purpose sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction-based ultra-low-dose CT protocol for neurosurgical intensive care unit surveillance head CT examinations, comparing image quality with studies performed with our standard-of-care sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction low-dose CT and legacy filtered back-projection standard-dose CT protocols.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of 54 head CT examinations: ultra-low-dose CT (n = 22), low-dose CT (n = 12), and standard-dose CT (n = 20) in 22 patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit.

Pattern of regional cortical thinning associated with cognitive deterioration in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Dementia is a frequent and devastating complication in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is an intensive search for biomarkers that may predict the progression from normal cognition (PD-NC) to dementia (PDD) in PD. Mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI) seems to represent a transitional state between PD-NC and PDD.

Predicting dementia development in Parkinson's disease using Bayesian network classifiers.

Parkinson's disease (PD) has broadly been associated with mild cognitive impairment (PDMCI) and dementia (PDD). Researchers have studied surrogate, neuroanatomic biomarkers provided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that may help in the early diagnosis of this condition. In this article, four classification models (naïve Bayes, multivariate filter-based naïve Bayes, filter selective naïve Bayes and support vector machines, SVM) have been applied to evaluate their capacity to discriminate between cognitively intact patients with Parkinson's disease (PDCI), PDMCI and PDD.

A rare case of Reidel thyroiditis with associated vocal cord paralysis: CT and MR imaging features.

Reidel thyroiditis is extremely rare and not only involves the thyroid gland but usually extends to neighboring structures in the neck. A rare complication of this disease is entrapment of the recurrent laryngeal nerve causing a vocal cord paralysis. In fact, to our knowledge, this is likely the only benign thyroid disease to cause such a paralysis.