Decreasing mitochondrial RNA polymerase activity reverses biased inheritance of hypersuppressive mtDNA.

Faithful inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is crucial for cellular respiration/oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial membrane potential. However, how mtDNA is transmitted to progeny is not fully understood. We utilized hypersuppressive mtDNA, a class of respiratory deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae mtDNA that is preferentially inherited over wild-type mtDNA (rho+), to uncover the factors governing mtDNA inheritance.

Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19.

Background: The novel Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) continues to have profound effect on global health. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and characterize specific symptoms associated with COVID-19.

Methods: This retrospective study included 326 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection evaluated at the Emergency Department of the Umberto I Polyclinic Hospital, Rome, Italy between March 6th and April 30th, 2020.

Multisite phosphorylation of the Sum1 transcriptional repressor by S-phase kinases controls exit from meiotic prophase in yeast.

Activation of the meiotic transcription factor Ndt80 is a key regulatory transition in the life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae because it triggers exit from pachytene and entry into meiosis. The NDT80 promoter is held inactive by a complex containing the DNA-binding protein Sum1 and the histone deacetylase Hst1. Meiosis-specific phosphorylation of Sum1 by the protein kinases Cdk1, Ime2, and Cdc7 is required for NDT80 expression.

Stability of thyroid hormones during continuous infusion.

We investigated the stability of thyroid hormones during a mode of continuous drug infusion via polypropylene tubing using the same conditions that would be applied to treating patients in a hospital setting. The diluted thyroid hormones were prepared using aseptic technique, stored at 2-8°C (36-46°F) and tested within 24 h of preparation for stability and percent recovery from within plastic tubing. Experiments were done in duplicate with triplicate sets of readings for each assay point.

Vesicant extravasation part II: Evidence-based management and continuing controversies.

Purpose/objectives: To review the literature, synthesize current recommendations, and discuss remaining controversies regarding vesicant extravasation management.

Data Sources: Published evidence-based reports, clinical articles, and anecdotal case reports about antineoplastic and nonantineoplastic vesicant agent management.

Data Synthesis: Prevention of vesicant extravasation sequelae requires knowledge about vesicant extravasation manifestations and differentiation of vesicant extravasation from other local IV site reactions.

Vesicant extravasation part I: Mechanisms, pathogenesis, and nursing care to reduce risk.

Purpose/objectives: To review the literature regarding the incidence, current practice, guideline recommendations, nursing management, and knowledge gaps relevant to vesicant extravasation.

Data Sources: Published research articles, books, case reports, and national guidelines.

Data Synthesis: Vesicant extravasation is a relatively rare but significant complication of chemotherapy administration.

Randomized double-blind comparison of single high-dose ondansetron and multiple standard-dose ondansetron in chemotherapy-naive pediatric oncology patients.

This prospective, double-blind, randomized study compares the antiemetic efficacy of an equivalent dose of ondansetron administered as a single high dose or as multiple standard doses in pediatric oncology patients. Thirty-one chemotherapy-naive patients were randomized at diagnosis to receive either single high-dose ondansetron (0.6 mg/kg, maximum dose 32 mg) or multiple standard-dose ondansetron (0.

Propantheline prevention of mucositis from etoposide.

Mucosal toxicity is dose limiting for etoposide. This may be related to the direct effects of etoposide on the mucosa. Twelve patients receiving etoposide 1800 mg/m2 as part of a myeloablative pre-transplant regimen were randomized to receive propantheline 30 mg or placebo orally every 6 h for six doses.