A recurrent de novo missense mutation in COL1A1 causes osteogenesis imperfecta type II and preterm delivery in Normande cattle.

Background: Nine male and eight female calves born to a Normande artificial insemination bull named "Ly" were referred to the French National Observatory of Bovine Abnormalities for multiple fractures, shortened gestation, and stillbirth or perinatal mortality.

Results: Using Illumina BovineSNP50 array genotypes from affected calves and 84 half-sib controls, the associated locus was mapped to a 6.5-Mb interval on chromosome 19, assuming autosomal inheritance with germline mosaicism.

Remote ischemic preconditioning in aortic valve surgery: Results of a randomized controlled study.

Background: Although remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has emerged as an attractive strategy to reduce cardiac injury in patients undergoing diverse cardiac surgical procedures, it is unclear whether RIPC has protective effects in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement surgery without coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: Hence, 100 adult patients undergoing elective aortic valve replacement for aortic valve stenosis, without combined surgery with CABG, were prospectively randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the RIPC group or the control group. The RIPC group underwent three cycles of 5-min inflation to 200mmHg and 5-min deflation of an automated upper-arm cuff inflator after induction of anesthesia.

Ex vivo simulation of cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood for hemocompatibility testing.

Object: Experimental circuits for biomaterial surface testing are frequently limited by the tested blood volume, composition of the circuit, flow conditions and the use of animal blood. This report describes an ex vivo set-up for simulated cardiopulmonary bypass with human blood perfusion. We investigated the clinical generalizability of the observed effects on hematological and metabolic parameters and the hemocompatibility of the system.

Safety and efficacy of biocompatible perfusion strategy in a contemporary series of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting - a two-center study.

Objective: The profile of patients referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is continuously changing to include older patients with multiple comorbidities. We assessed the safety and efficacy of a biocompatible perfusion strategy (BPS) in a contemporary series of patients undergoing isolated CABG.

Methods: BPS consisted of a membrane oxygenator, tip-to-tip closed-system heparin-bonded cardiopulmonary bypass circuits without a cardiotomy reservoir, low systemic anticoagulation (target ACT - 250-300 sec) using heparin titration curves, low prime volume, avoidance of systemic cooling, and routine use of cell saver and anti-fibrinolytics.

An ex vivo evaluation of blood coagulation and thromboresistance of two extracorporeal circuit coatings with reduced and full heparin dose.

Objectives: Bioactive Carmeda® heparin-coated extracorporeal circuits (ECCs) have been shown to reduce contact phase and coagulation activation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Heparin coating is therefore effective in safely reducing coagulation during routine CPB. Balance® Biosurface is a new, recently developed biopassive coating containing negatively charged sulphonated polymers.

Increasing mean arterial pressure during cardiac surgery does not reduce the rate of postoperative acute kidney injury.

Introduction: We hypothesized that the optimization of renal haemodynamics by maintaining a high level of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) could reduce the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) in high-risk patients.

Methods: In this randomized, controlled study, we enrolled 300 patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. All had known risk factors of AKI: serum creatinine clearance between 30 and 60 ml/min for 1.

CMR assessment after a transapical-transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Aims: To describe the time course of myocardial scarring after transapical-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TA-TAVI) with the Edwards SAPIEN XT™ and the Edwards SAPIEN™ prosthesis in a 3-month follow-up study using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).

Methods: In 20 TA-TAVI patients, CMR was performed at discharge and 3 months (3M). Cine-MRI was used for left ventricular (LV) functional assessment, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging was employed for detecting the presence of myocardial scarring.

Early detection of postoperative acute kidney injury by Doppler renal resistive index in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after cardiac surgery, affecting outcome. Early detection of an AKI marker is likely to speed diagnosis and implementation of measures to preserve renal function. In septic shock and unselected ventilated subjects, an increased Doppler renal resistive index (RRI) is a predictor of AKI.

Increased cerebral blood flow velocities assessed by transcranial Doppler examination is associated with complement activation after cardiopulmonary bypass.

The role of complement activation on the cerebral vasculature after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is unclear. The goal of the study was to assess whether heparin-coated CPB reduces complement activation, and influences cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV). Twenty-four patients undergoing coronary surgery were randomly allocated to non-coated (NC-group) or heparin-coated (HC-group) CPB.

[Inflammatory response and haematological disorders in cardiac surgery: toward a more physiological cardiopulmonary bypass].

The systemic inflammatory response in cardiac surgery is closely related to the haemostasis disturbances. It is responsible of a significant morbidity and mortality that was previously suspected to be caused by cardiopulmonary bypass alone. However, it is time now to clearly identify the factors that are material-dependent from that material-independent.

Brain injury and neuropsychological outcome after coronary artery surgery are affected by complement activation.

Background: The impact of the postoperative inflammatory response on the central nervous system after cardiac surgery is uncertain. The goal of the study was to evaluate the role of complement activation on cellular brain injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. In addition, neuropsychological functioning was assessed.

A combined approach for improving cardiopulmonary bypass in coronary artery surgery: a pilot study.

Background: This is a pilot study carried out to assess the feasibility and the clinical impact of a combined approach of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with reduced anti-coagulation.

Methods: We used a retrospective, non-randomized analysis of 45 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass using standard CPB with full anticoagulation (activated clotting time, ACT, > 450 s) (Group 1; n = 23) or closed, heparin-coated CPB with low anticoagulation (ACT>250 s), precise heparin and protamine titration, controlled suction, and retrograde autologous prime (Group 2; n = 22).

Results: Patients were similar except for a higher incidence of three-vessel disease in Group 2 (77.

[Hemodynamic effects of intravenous diltiazem after immediate coronary revascularization].

Perioperative spasm of the internal mammary artery (IMA) may occur after coronary artery bypass surgery. Diltiazem is often used to prevent it. We studied the haemodynamic tolerance of this drug just after coronary artery bypass surgery, using an intravenous injection of 0.

[Comparison of effects of aprotinin and tranexamic acid on blood loss in heart surgery].

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of aprotinin (APR) and tranexamic acid (TRA) in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements after cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation (ECC).

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Patients: One hundred and four adults undergoing either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 55), or aortic valve replacement (AVR) (n = 49), allocated into three groups.

[Comparison of vascular effects of magnesium sulfate and nicardipine during extracorporeal circulation].

Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that magnesium sulphate (SO4Mg), usually administered for protecting the myocardium and decreasing the rate of arrhythmias in cardiac surgery, was able to control the hypertensive peaks occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), as efficiently as nicardipine (N).

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Patients: Forty patients were allocated into two groups when hypertensive peaks occurred during CPB.

[Cardiac surgery in aged patients; immediate and medium-term results in 100 patients over 75 years of age].

With improved operative technique and postoperative care, progressively older patients are being referred for cardiac surgery. One hundred out of 633 patients operated between September 1990 and December 1992, were over 75 years of age (Group I). These patients were compared with the last 100 patients under 75 years of age (Group II).

[Long-term retrograde cerebral perfusion in surgery of the aortic arch. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors present two cases of aortic arch replacement for aortic dissection: one in a male patient 58 years old and the other in a female patient 78 years old. Cerebral protection during repair of the aortic arch was performed with retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP). Durations of RCP were 75 and 120 minutes respectively.

[Iloprost (Ilomedine) and extracorporeal circulation with conventional heparinization in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia].

A 73-year-old female patient was admitted for myocardial infarction. Conventional treatment with heparin was started, intraaortic balloon assistance was required for several days, together with heparin. The platelet counts decreased progressively, from 288 G.