Epigenetic mechanisms of particulate matter exposure: air pollution and hazards on human health.

Environmental pollution nowadays has not only a direct correlation with human health changes but a direct social impact. Epidemiological studies have evidenced the increased damage to human health on a daily basis because of damage to the ecological niche. Rapid urban growth and industrialized societies importantly compromise air quality, which can be assessed by a notable accumulation of air pollutants in both the gas and the particle phases.

Weight changes after first-line antiretroviral initiation in a cohort of HIV-positive patients in Southern Spain (CAPOTA study).

Background: Obesity among persons living with HIV (PLWH) has increased and weight gain after antiretroviral therapy (ART) can lead to metabolic disorders and impact survival. Our objective was to analyze weight and metabolic changes in HIV näive patients after 48 weeks of ART.

Methods: Observational, retrospective, multicentered cohort study comprising naïve-patients who started tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat (TAF/FTC/EVG/c) or abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (ABC/3TC/DTG), with no change in treatment for 48 weeks.

Early Feeding versus Traditional Feeding in Children with Ileostomy Closure.

Context: Elective intestinal anastomosis is a frequently used surgical procedure in pediatric surgery.

Aims: This study aimed to compare postoperative complications and hospital stay in children who underwent ileostomy closure with early feeding in the 1 24 h versus those in whom the oral route was initiated traditionally.

Settings And Design: Observational, comparative, cross-sectional, ambispective, and single-center study that included pediatric patients who had undergone ileostomy closure from January 2017 to August 2019.

Epigenetic Regulation in Exposome-Induced Tumorigenesis: Emerging Roles of ncRNAs.

Environmental factors, including pollutants and lifestyle, constitute a significant role in severe, chronic pathologies with an essential societal, economic burden. The measurement of all environmental exposures and assessing their correlation with effects on individual health is defined as the exposome, which interacts with our unique characteristics such as genetics, physiology, and epigenetics. Epigenetics investigates modifications in the expression of genes that do not depend on the underlying DNA sequence.

Tenofovir Alafenamide Plasma Concentrations Are Reduced in Pregnant Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Data From the PANNA Network.

Background: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a prodrug of tenofovir (TFV), is included in the majority of the recommended first-line antiretroviral regimens for patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but there are limited data on TAF use in pregnant women. We aimed to examine the plasma pharmacokinetics of TAF and TFV in pregnant women from Europe.

Methods: Pregnant women living with HIV were included from treatment centers across Europe, and intensive pharmacokinetic sampling in the third trimester and postpartum was performed.

HIV/HBV coinfection: temporal trends and patient characteristics, Spain, 2002 to 2018.

BackgroundRecent and reliable estimates on the prevalence of coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Europe are lacking.AimLeveraged on a study designed to assess HIV/HCV coinfection prevalence, we assessed the prevalence of HIV/HBV coinfection in Spain in 2018 and compared the results with five similar studies performed since 2002.MethodsThis cross-sectional prevalence study was carried out in 43 centres, and patients were selected using simple random sampling.

Clinically Significant Lower Elvitegravir Exposure During the Third Trimester of Pregnant Patients Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Data From the Pharmacokinetics of ANtiretroviral agents in HIV-infected pregNAnt women (PANNA) Network.

This phase 4 study investigated the influence of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir/cobicistat in 14 women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The results support the recommendation against elvitegravir/cobicistat use during pregnancy, as the elvitegravir concentration at the end of the dosing interval (Ctrough) was reduced by 77%, with 85% of pregnant women having a Ctrough below the effective concentration (EC90). Clinical Trials Registration.

DOLAMA study: Effectiveness, safety and pharmacoeconomic analysis of dual therapy with dolutegravir and lamivudine in virologically suppressed HIV-1 patients.

Dolutegravir (DTG) has shown effectiveness in combination with rilpivirine in with experience of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with 3TC in naïve patients (GEMINI trial). The main objectives of this real-life study were to analyze the effectiveness and safety of 3TC plus DTG in virologically suppressed HIV-1 patients and to conduct a pharmacoeconomic analysis.We conducted an observational, retrospective and multicenter study of HIV+ patients pretreated for at least 6 months with ART that was then simplified to 3TC + DTG for any reason.

Tumor-associated macrophage-secreted 14-3-3ζ signals via AXL to promote pancreatic cancer chemoresistance.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an inherently chemoresistant tumor. Chemotherapy leads to apoptosis of cancer cells, and in previous studies we have shown that tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration increases following chemotherapy in PDAC. Since one of the main functions of macrophages is to eliminate apoptotic cells, we hypothesized that TAMs phagocytose chemotherapy-induced apoptotic cells and secrete factors, which favor PDAC chemoresistance.

No difference in effectiveness of treatment simplification to boosted or unboosted atazanavir plus lamivudine in virologically suppressed in HIV-1-infected patients.

Background: Simplification strategies of antiretroviral treatment represent effective tools for the reduction of drug-induced toxicity, resistance mutations in case of virological failure and costs.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir (ATVrtv) or unboosted atazanavir (ATV400) plus lamivudine, and if low plasma or intracellular ATV Ctrough influence virological outcomes.

Methods: Ambispective observational study in patients with undetectable HIV-RNA who were switched to ATVrtv or ATV400 plus lamivudine once daily.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatits C Virus Coinfection in Spain: Elimination Is Feasible, but the Burden of Residual Cirrhosis Will Be Significant.

Background: We assessed the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV-Abs) and active HCV infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Spain in 2016 and compared the results with those of similar studies performed in 2002, 2009, and 2015.

Methods: The study was performed in 43 centers during October-November 2016. The sample was estimated for an accuracy of 2% and selected by proportional allocation and simple random sampling.

Repeated subarachnoid administrations of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells supported in autologous plasma improve quality of life in patients suffering incomplete spinal cord injury.

Background Aims: Cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offers new hope for patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Ten patients with established incomplete SCI received four subarachnoid administrations of 30 × 10 autologous bone marrow MSCs, supported in autologous plasma, at months 1, 4, 7 and 10 of the study, and were followed until the month 12. Urodynamic, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies were performed at months 6 and 12, and compared with basal studies.