Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) for modeling cardiac arrhythmias: strengths, challenges and potential solutions.

Ion channels and cytoskeletal proteins in the cardiac dyad play a critical role in maintaining excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling and provide cardiac homeostasis. Functional changes in these dyad proteins, whether induced by genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, therapeutic, or environmental factors, can disrupt normal cardiac electrophysiology, leading to abnormal E-C coupling and arrhythmias. Animal models and heterologous cell cultures provide platforms to elucidate the pathogenesis of arrhythmias for basic cardiac research; however, these traditional systems do not truly reflect human cardiac electro-pathophysiology.

Comprehensive detection of structural variation and transposable element differences between wild type laboratory lineages of .

Genomic structural variations (SVs) and transposable elements (TEs) can be significant contributors to genome evolution, altered gene expression, and risk of genetic diseases. Recent advancements in long-read sequencing have greatly improved the quality of genome assemblies and enhanced the detection of sequence variants at the scale of hundreds or thousands of bases. Comparisons between two diverged wild isolates of , the Bristol and Hawaiian strains, have been widely utilized in the analysis of small genetic variations.