2D and 3D stereoscopic videos used as pre-anatomy lab tools improve students' examination performance in a veterinary gross anatomy course.

The hypothesis for the research described in this article was that viewing an interactive two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic pre-laboratory video would improve efficiency and learning in the laboratory. A first-year DVM class was divided into 21 dissection teams of four students each. Primary variables were method of preparation (2D, 3D, or laboratory manual) and dissection region (thorax, abdomen, or pelvis).

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of cytosine arabinoside in dogs.

Cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) is a component of many protocols for the treatment of CNS (central nervous system) leukemia and lymphoma in humans and dogs. It is also used for the prophylaxis of CNS metastasis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Although ara-C enters the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human cancer patients after i.

Plasma endotoxin concentrations in experimental and clinical equine subjects.

Endotoxin (LPS) was quantitated in experimental subjects and in horses with naturally occurring gastrointestinal strangulation obstruction and/or septicaemic diseases to establish the fate of LPS and the clinical usefulness of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The assay was validated for sensitivity (10 pg/ml), recovery (90 to 106 per cent), intra-assay precision (CV = 5.5 per cent) inter-assay precision (CV = 11 per cent), and stability of diluted, heat treated, frozen samples (at least 90 days).

Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneally administered dipyridamole in cancer patients.

The pharmacokinetics of i.p. administered dipyridamole was studied in six patients to explore the feasibility of using this drug as a modulator of antimetabolite activity in extravascular spaces.

Effects of dose and duration of therapy on gentamicin tissue residues in sheep.

The effects of different doses and dosage regimens on gentamicin pharmacokinetics and tissue residues were determined. Five groups of 12 sheep each were given gentamicin IM: group I, 2 mg of gentamicin sulfate/kg once; group II, 6 mg/kg once; group III, 18 mg/kg once; group IV, 6 mg/kg every 24 hours for 3 doses; and group V, 2 mg/kg every 8 hours for 9 doses. Serum concentrations were determined serially until sheep were killed and necropsied.

Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in sheep.

Dose-related changes in the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin sulfate were investigated in 9 sheep given 3, 10, or 20 mg/kg of body weight IV in a crossover design with a 24-day washout period. The pharmacokinetics of the 3 mg/kg single dose were compared with that of the terminal phase pharmacokinetics of 3 mg of gentamicin/kg IV every 8 hours for 7 days in 8 additional sheep. Serum concentrations were monitored for 21 to 24 days after the dose.

Single intravenous and multiple intramuscular dose pharmacokinetics and tissue residue profile of gentamicin in sheep.

Single and multiple dose gentamicin regimens were compared in sheep to determine the relevant pharmacokinetic differences. Seven mature sheep were given 10 mg/kg of gentamicin by IV bolus. Serum concentrations were monitored for 19 days.

Pharmacokinetics and comparative nephrotoxicity of fixed-dose versus fixed-interval reduction of gentamicin dosage in subtotal nephrectomized dogs.

There is presently no consensus as to the relative safety of fixed-interval/reduced dose (FI) vs fixed-dose/increased interval (FD) dosage adjustment regimens for use in renal insufficiency. This study compared their nephrotoxic potential using gentamicin in beagle dogs with renal insufficiency secondary to subtotal surgical nephrectomy. Pharmacokinetic analysis in six dogs showed that this surgical procedure resulted in a decreased total body clearance of drug and a marginally contracted volume of the central compartment.

Species dependent gentamicin pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity in the young horse.

Gentamicin pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxic potential were evaluated in twelve 2 to 3 month-old horses. Whereas recent evidence in our clinic indicated that young horses may be especially susceptible to gentamicin nephrotoxicity, young rabbits and rats are usually resistant. Gentamicin (4.

Metabolism of estrogens in the gastrointestinal tract of swine. III. Estradiol-17 beta-D-glucuronide instilled into sections of intestine.

Studies were conducted to determine the absorption and metabolic fate of 3H-estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide (3H-E2-G) in swine. The conjugate, 3H-E2-G (48.7 x 10(6) DPM, 45.

Metabolism of estrogens in the gastrointestinal tract of swine. I. Instilled estradiol.

One minute after instillation of 14C-estradiol-17 beta (14C-E2 17 beta) into selected sections of the gastrointestinal tract of swine, radioactive estradiol metabolites were present in blood collected from the portal and jugular veins. Ether was used to extract free but not conjugated estrogens. The percentage of plasma radioactivity that was ether extractable (EE) was low in portal plasma and even lower in jugular plasma following instillation of 14C-E2 17 beta into the stomach, ileum and colon.

Metabolism of estrogens in the gastrointestinal tract of swine. II. Orally administered estradiol-17 beta-D-glucuronide.

Studies were conducted to determine the absorption and metabolic fate of orally administered 3H-estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide (3H-E2-G) in swine. Xylazine-tranquilized female pigs (5 to 6 wk old) were given .04, .

Gentamicin toxic nephropathy in horses with disseminated bacterial infection.

Three clinical cases of toxic nephropathy in young horses were ascribed to gentamicin toxicity. Criteria for defining gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis were a serum urea nitrogen value greater than the pretreatment value or cylindruria, hematuria, and proteinuria in the absence of pyuria and bacteriuria. Recommended doses of gentamicin had been given in all cases.

Single dose gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the dog: early functional and ultrastructural changes.

A single dose (15mg/kg) of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin was administered intravenously to 4 purebred 5-month old beagles. Six 24-hour creatinine, urea, phosphate, sodium, and potassium clearances were performed, three before and three after gentamicin infusions, as were hematology and urinalysis. Animals were necropsied on the fourth day after drug infusion.

Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in the juvenile dog.

The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin and/or creatinine clearances were investigated in eleven 5-month-old Beagles. A 2-compartment open model was used to describe the drug's disposition, as judged by error sums of squares and residual plot analyses. Half-life (elimination phase) was 60.

Gentamicin pharmacokinetic changes in induced acute canine nephrotoxic glomerulonephritis.

Most clinical schemes used to adjust gentamicin dosage regimens in renal insufficiency assume that the volume of distribution remains constant. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin (two-compartment open model) before and at two points during the acute phase of experimentally induced nephrotoxic (injection of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody) glomerulonephritis in beagle dogs. Disease was verified by decreased 24-h creatinine clearance, increased 24-h urinary protein excretion, and characteristic immunofluorescent, light- and electron-microscopic lesions.

Gentamicin aerosol therapy in 18 dogs: failure to induce detectable serum concentrations of the drug.

Gentamicin was administered as an aerosol to 18 dogs, using a pneumatic nebulizer attached to a face mask. Serum samples were assayed for gentamicin by radioimmunoassay. The antibiotic was not detected in the serum of any dog.

Determination of cerebrospinal fluid gentamicin in the beagle using an indwelling cerebral ventricular cannula.

This study compared the concentrations of gentamicin in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of young beagles. Indwelling cannulas were surgically implanted into the external jugular vein and the left lateral cerebral ventricle of two 5-month-old beagles. Gentamicin was given intravenously (10 mg/kg) and CSF and blood samples were taken.

Polyvinyl alcohol toxicosis as a model of glomerulonephritis in Beagle dogs.

Investigation of pharmacokinetics of certain drugs in experimental models of glomerulonephritis would facilitate development of dose schedules for dogs with this disease. Polymerized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-induced glomerulonephritis was investigated in healthy, 15-week-old purebred Beagle dogs. Three dogs were injected daily with 20 ml of 5% (w/v) PVA (125,000 molecular weight, 88% hydrolyzed) in phosphate-buffered saline solution.

Effect of the proteinase inhibitor aprotinin in the management of hemorrhagic shock in the dog.

Aprotinin, a proteinase inhibitor, was evaluated as a pharmacologic aid in dogs subjected to lethal hemorrhagic shock. Survival time, hemodynamic changes, and plasma enzyme analysis were measured as criteria for drug effects. Mixed-breed dogs (n = 14) were divided into 2 groups of 7 each: nontreated dogs in shock (group 1) and aprotinin-treated dogs in shock (group 2).