Modified Lapidus procedure with a nitinol staple and two screw construct technique.

Many fixation options exist for correction of a hallux valgus deformity with a first tarsometatarsal joint arthrodesis with pros and cons to each. Few have looked at utilizing a shape memory alloy staple made from nitinol for fixation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a modified Lapidus technique using a nitinol (shape memory alloy) staple combined with a two-screw construct for first tarsometatarsal joint arthrodesis in correcting hallux valgus deformity.

Recidivism and Recurrence.

Recidivistic cholesteatoma encompasses residual as well as recurrent disease, and can occur in up to 61% of cases. Pediatric disease may have a higher propensity for recidivism. Serial physical examination and MRI including non-EPI DWI sequences are useful in surveillance.

Evaluation of Online AI-Generated Foot and Ankle Surgery Information.

As a natural progression from educational pamphlets to the worldwide web, and now artificial intelligence (AI), OpenAI chatbots provide a simple way of obtaining pathology-specific patient information, however, little is known concerning the readability and quality of foot and ankle surgery information. This investigation compares such information using the commercially available OpenAI ChatGPT Chatbot and FootCareMD®. A list of common foot and ankle pathologies from FootCareMD® were queried and compared with similar results using ChatGPT.

Estimation of Cochlear Implant Insertion Depth Using 2D-3D Registration of Postoperative X-Ray and Preoperative CT Images.

Objective: To improve estimation of cochlear implant (CI) insertion depth in postoperative skull x-rays using synthesized information from preoperative CT scans.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Motivations for Pursuing a Career in Podiatric Medicine.

Background: Although podiatric medicine is a growing field, it is still relatively unknown to many in the general public, including those seeking careers in medicine. The purpose of the present study is to portray the perspectives of current podiatric medical students on motivational factors that encouraged them to pursue the field.

Methods: An online survey was developed and delivered to the student body of a single podiatric medical school.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Digital Frostbite.

Frostbite is a limb threatening, cold-induced tissue injury most commonly affecting the extremities. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a proposed adjunctive treatment for this condition, which acts by increasing cellular oxygen availability in damaged tissues. Currently, there is a lack of data regarding the effectiveness of HBOT.

Matched Cohort Study of Radiographic Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence and Tegmen Dehiscence and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: To report the frequency of radiographic superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) and tegmen dehiscence in patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design: Retrospective matched cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Prevalence of Hypertension and Related Characteristics: Perspectives from an Outpatient Podiatric Medical Clinic.

Background: Hypertension is a highly prevalent condition in the general population, conferring a high risk of significant morbidity and mortality. Associated with the condition are many well-characterized controllable and noncontrollable risk factors. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of hypertension in the outpatient podiatric medical clinic setting and to determine the relevance of hypertension risk factors in this setting.

Influence of electrode to cochlear duct length ratio on post-operative speech understanding outcomes.

Objective: To assess whether the pre-operative electrode to cochlear duct length ratio (ECDLR), is associated with post-operative speech recognition outcomes.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Fully Automated Measurement of Cochlear Duct Length From Clinical Temporal Bone Computed Tomography.

Objectives/hypothesis: To present and validate a novel fully automated method to measure cochlear dimensions, including cochlear duct length (CDL).

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: The computational method combined 1) a deep learning (DL) algorithm to segment the cochlea and otic capsule and 2) geometric analysis to measure anti-modiolar distances from the round window to the apex.

National Trends in Opioid Prescriptions Following Outpatient Otologic Surgery, 2005-2017.

Objective: To describe opioid stewardship in ambulatory otologic surgery from 2005 to 2017.

Study Design: Descriptive study of US private insurance claims.

Setting: Nationwide deidentified private insurance claims database (Clinformatics DataMart; Optum).

Assessment of Inter- and Intra-Rater Reliability of Tablet-Based Software to Measure Cochlear Duct Length.

Objective: The objective of this study is to build upon previous work validating a tablet-based software to measure cochlear duct length (CDL). Here, we do so by greatly expanding the number of cochleae (n = 166) analyzed, and examined whether computed tomography (CT) slice thickness influences reliability of CDL measurements.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review study.

Trends in Use and Timing of Intratympanic Corticosteroid Injections for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Objective: Oral corticosteroids are treatment mainstays for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Recent studies suggest that intratympanic (IT) steroid injections may be effective as an alternate or adjunctive therapy. We sought to investigate nationwide trends in treatment patterns for SSNHL.

Opioid Prescribing Patterns Following Pediatric Tonsillectomy in the United States, 2009-2017.

Objectives: Assess national trends in opioid prescription following pediatric tonsillectomy: 1) overall percentage receiving opioids and mean quantity, 2) changes during 2009-2017, and 3) determinants of prescription patterns.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis using 2009-2017 Optum claims data to identify opioid-naïve children aged 1-18 with claims codes for tonsillectomy (n = 82,842). Quantities of opioids filled in outpatient pharmacies during the perioperative period were extracted and converted into milligram morphine equivalents (MMEs) for statistical comparison.

Current concepts underlying the pathophysiology of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy in the diabetic foot and ankle.

Introduction: With a complex and often misunderstood etiology, acute Charcot neuroarthropathy (ACN) is a devastating complication of peripheral neuropathy. In patients with diabetes, timely diagnosis of ACN in the foot and ankle is essential to prevent loss of both limb and life.

Areas Covered: Herein, the authors evaluate the growing body of evidence in identifying targeted pathways for future therapeutic interventions.

Development and Evaluation of a Surgical Direct Assessment Tool for Resident Training.

In podiatric residency training, minimum activity volume numbers are used to assess surgical competency. The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized direct assessment form as a complement to minimum activity volume numbers. Sixteen attending physicians completed 121 direct assessment forms, evaluating six podiatric medicine and surgery residents.

Iron insufficiency compromises motor neurons and their mitochondrial function in Irp2-null mice.

Genetic ablation of Iron Regulatory Protein 2 (Irp2, Ireb2), which post-transcriptionally regulates iron metabolism genes, causes a gait disorder in mice that progresses to hind-limb paralysis. Here we have demonstrated that misregulation of iron metabolism from loss of Irp2 causes lower motor neuronal degeneration with significant spinal cord axonopathy. Mitochondria in the lumbar spinal cord showed significantly decreased Complex I and II activities, and abnormal morphology.

Brain iron metabolism.

Brain iron uptake is regulated by the expression of transferrin receptor 1 in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. Transferrin-bound iron in the systemic circulation is endocytosed by brain endothelial cells, and elemental iron is released to brain interstitial fluid, likely by the iron exporter, ferroportin. Transferrin synthesized by oligodendrocytes in the brain binds much of the iron that traverses the blood-brain barrier after oxidation of the iron, most likely by a glycophosphosinositide-linked ceruloplasmin found in astrocytic foot processes that ensheathe brain endothelial cells.

A role of SMAD4 in iron metabolism through the positive regulation of hepcidin expression.

Hereditary hemochromatosis, characterized by iron overload in multiple organs, is one of the most common genetic disorders among Caucasians. Hepcidin, which is synthesized in the liver, plays important roles in iron overload syndromes. Here, we show that a Cre-loxP-mediated liver-specific disruption of SMAD4 results in markedly decreased hepcidin expression and accumulation of iron in many organs, which is most pronounced in liver, kidney, and pancreas.

Cortical correlates of face and scene inversion: a comparison.

Face recognition is more strongly impaired by stimulus inversion than nonface object recognition. This phenomenon, known as the face inversion effect (FIE), suggests that the visual system contains specialized processing mechanisms that are more engaged by upright faces than by inverted faces or nonface objects. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies indicate that environmental scenes may also recruit specialized-purpose processing machinery but a comparable inversion effect for scenes has not been established.

Microcytic anemia, erythropoietic protoporphyria, and neurodegeneration in mice with targeted deletion of iron-regulatory protein 2.

Iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs) 1 and 2 posttranscriptionally regulate expression of transferrin receptor (TfR), ferritin, and other iron metabolism proteins. Mice with targeted deletion of IRP2 overexpress ferritin and express abnormally low TfR levels in multiple tissues. Despite this misregulation, there are no apparent pathologic consequences in tissues such as the liver and kidney.