Development of a child and family centred outcome measure for children and young people with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions: progress to date on the Children's Palliative Care Outcome Scale (C-POS:UK).

Background: Development of a paediatric palliative care child and family centred outcome measure is a priority for health care professionals, researchers and advocates. It is methodologically challenging to develop a measure relevant for such a heterogenous population with complex needs. Involving children in measuring development is vital.

Design and Administration of Patient-Centred Outcome Measures: The Perspectives of Children and Young People with Life-Limiting or Life-Threatening Conditions and Their Family Members.

Background: Self-reported health data from children with life-limiting conditions is rarely collected. To improve acceptability and feasibility of child and family-centred outcome measures for children, they need to be designed in a way that reflects preferences, priorities and abilities.

Objectives: The aim was to identify preferences for patient-reported outcome measure design (recall period, response format, length, administration mode) to improve the feasibility, acceptability, comprehensibility and relevance of a child and family-centred outcome measure, among children with life-limiting conditions and their family members.

Spiritual, religious, and existential concerns of children and young people with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions: A qualitative interview study.

Background: Despite being a core domain of palliative care, primary data on spiritual and existential concerns has rarely been collected among children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions and their families. Existing evidence has tended to focus on the religious aspects among children with cancer.

Aim: To identify the spiritual needs of children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions.

Achieving child-centred care for children and young people with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions-a qualitative interview study.

Unlabelled: This study aims to identify the symptoms, concerns, and care priorities of children with life-limiting conditions and their families. A semi-structured qualitative interview study was conducted, seeking perspectives from multiple stakeholders on symptoms, other concerns, and care priorities of children and young people with life limiting and life-threatening conditions and their families. Participants were recruited from six hospitals and three children's hospices in the UK.

How do person-centered outcome measures enable shared decision-making for people with dementia and family carers?-A systematic review.

Objectives: To identify published evidence on person-centered outcome measures (PCOMs) used in dementia care and to explore how PCOMs facilitate shared decision-making and improve outcomes of care. To build a logic model based on the findings, depicting linkages with PCOM impact mechanisms and care outcomes.

Design: Mixed-methods systematic review.

COVID-19: Impact on Pediatric Palliative Care.

Context: Children and young people with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions and their families are potentially vulnerable during COVID-19 lockdowns due to pre-existing high clinical support needs and social participation limitations.

Objectives: To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on this population.

Methods: Sub-analysis of an emergent COVID-19 related theme from a larger semi-structured interview study investigating priority pediatric palliative care outcomes.

A feasibility study on a novel well-being intervention for university students.

Objectives: Challenging transitions, increased stress and mental ill health can affect students' academic performance and their capacity to remain in higher education. Prevention and early treatment of mental health problems in college students is therefore a key public health priority, nationally and internationally. Developing a range of evidence-based interventions targeting the mental health of students is critical.

Enhancing validity, reliability and participation in self-reported health outcome measurement for children and young people: a systematic review of recall period, response scale format, and administration modality.

Introduction: Self-report is the gold standard for measuring children's health-related outcomes. Design of such measures is complex and challenging. This review aims to systematically appraise the evidence on recall period, response scale format, mode of administration and approaches needed to enable children and young people < 19 years to participate in valid and reliable self-reporting of their health outcomes.

Parental alcohol intoxication and adverse health outcomes among offspring. A 4-year follow up HUNT study among 2399 Norwegian adolescents.

This study aimed to investigate whether experience of parental alcohol intoxication was associated with adverse health outcomes among adolescents four years later. A population-based Norwegian cohort study of 2399 adolescents who participated in the Young-HUNT1 Survey 1995-97 (T1, 13-15 years old) was followed up four years later (T2) in 2000 (Young-HUNT2, 17-19 years old). Measures were based on adolescent self-report of exposure to parental alcohol intoxication, self-rated general health, mental distress (SCL-5) and lifetime hospital admission.

Inter-Rater Reliability of the Phase of Illness Tool in Pediatric Palliative Care.

Background: Phase of Illness is used to describe the stages of a patient's illness in the palliative care setting. Categorization is based on individual needs, family circumstances, and the adequacy of a care plan. Substantial (κ = .

Associations between parenting and substance use, meal pattern and food choices: A cross-sectional survey of 13,269 Norwegian adolescents.

Identifying factors that affect adolescent lifestyle behaviors is essential in order to develop effective generic prevention approaches. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental monitoring, parental emotional support, parental-adolescent conflict and adolescent substance use, meal pattern and food choices. The study included data from 13,269 Norwegian adolescents aged 13-16 years collected in 2016.

The International Landscape of Medical Licensing Examinations: A Typology Derived From a Systematic Review.

Background: National licensing examinations (NLEs) are large-scale examinations usually taken by medical doctors close to the point of graduation from medical school. Where NLEs are used, success is usually required to obtain a license for full practice. Approaches to national licensing, and the evidence that supports their use, varies significantly across the globe.

Needs assessment for cultural adaptation of Strengthening Families Program (SFP 10-14-UK) in Brazil.

This study sought to evaluate the cultural adequacy of materials and procedures of the Strengthening Families Program (SFP 10-14-UK) and to identify requirements for its cultural adaptation to Brazilian families. The descriptive study had 33 informants, including external observers, managers, multipliers, facilitators, adolescents, and parents. The data were collected at a pilot application in the Federal District.

Cut-scores revisited: feasibility of a new method for group standard setting.

Background: Standard setting is one of the most contentious topics in educational measurement. Commonly-used methods all have well reported limitations. To date, there is not conclusive evidence suggesting which standard setting method yields the highest validity.

The use of rapid onset fentanyl in children and young people for breakthrough cancer pain.

Background And Aims: No published studies have looked at the dosing and use of rapid onset fentanyl preparations in children. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether there is a correlation between effective dose of rapid onset fentanyl and background oral morphine equivalent analgesia in children less than 18 years old. Secondary objectives included establishing whether there is a correlation between effective dose of rapid onset fentanyl and age and weight.

Collaborative study for the calibration of a replacement International Standard for diphtheria toxoid for use in flocculation test.

We present the results of a collaborative study for the establishment of a replacement International Standard (IS) for diphtheria toxoid for use in flocculation test and its calibration in Lf units. Calibration was performed using Ramon flocculation method, standardized using the 2nd IS. The candidate standard was assigned a unitage of 1870 Lf/ampoule based on results from 25 laboratories in 15 different countries and was established as the 3rd IS for diphtheria toxoid for use in flocculation test by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (ECBS) in October 2015.

The impact of large scale licensing examinations in highly developed countries: a systematic review.

Background: To investigate the existing evidence base for the validity of large-scale licensing examinations including their impact.

Methods: Systematic review against a validity framework exploring: Embase (Ovid Medline); Medline (EBSCO); PubMed; Wiley Online; ScienceDirect; and PsychINFO from 2005 to April 2015. All papers were included when they discussed national or large regional (State level) examinations for clinical professionals, linked to examinations in early careers or near the point of graduation, and where success was required to subsequently be able to practice.

A pilot study of marking accuracy and mental workload as measures of OSCE examiner performance.

Background: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is now a standard assessment format and while examiner training is seen as essential to assure quality, there appear to be no widely accepted measures of examiner performance.

Methods: The objective of this study was to determine whether the routine training provided to examiners improved their accuracy and reduced their mental workload. Accuracy was defined as the difference between the rating of each examiner and that of an expert group expressed as the mean error per item.