Aerostasis to limit air leak following extended pleurectomy-decortication.

Extended pleurectomy-decortication is a cytoreductive surgical treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Prolonged air leak remains a major postoperative challenge, lengthening hospital stay and increasing morbidity. In this video report, we present a stepwise approach for visceral decortication and introduce the concept of aerostasis by construction of an artificial neopleura.

Discovery, Pathogenesis, and Complete Genome Characterization of Herpesvirus.

In 2015 and 2016, two Barramundi () farms in Singapore reported a disease outbreak characterized by lethargic behavior, pronounced inappetence, generalized skin lesions, erosions of the fins and tail, and ultimately high mortality in their fish. Next-generation sequencing and PCR confirmed presence of a novel virus belonging to the family, herpesvirus (LCHV), which was subsequently isolated and cultured. We characterize, for the first time, the complete genome of two cultured LCHV isolates.

Implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol for lung volume reduction surgery: an observational cohort study.

Objectives: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is an established therapeutic option for advanced emphysema. To improve patients' safety and reduce complications, an enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) was implemented. This study aims to describe and evaluate the short-term outcome of this ERP.

Outbreak in an Intensive Care Unit: Source Analysis with Whole Genome Sequencing and Short Tandem Repeats.

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is widely used for outbreak analysis of bacteriology and virology but is scarcely used in mycology. Here, we used WGS for genotyping isolates from a potential outbreak in an intensive care unit (ICU) during construction work. After detecting the outbreak, fungal cultures were performed on all surveillance and/or patient respiratory samples.

Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning.

Thousands of artificial ('human-made') structures are present in the marine environment, many at or approaching end-of-life and requiring urgent decisions regarding their decommissioning. No consensus has been reached on which decommissioning option(s) result in optimal environmental and societal outcomes, in part, owing to a paucity of evidence from real-world decommissioning case studies. To address this significant challenge, we asked a worldwide panel of scientists to provide their expert opinion.

The streptococcal phase-variable type I restriction modification system SsuCC20p dictates the methylome of impacting the transcriptome and virulence in a zebrafish larvae infection model.

Phase variation allows a single strain to produce phenotypic diverse subpopulations. Phase-variable restriction modification (RM) systems are systems that allow for such phase variation via epigenetic regulation of gene expression levels. The phase-variable RM system SsuCC20p was found in multiple streptococcal species and was acquired by an emerging zoonotic lineage of .

Genomic Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Patients on Home Parenteral Nutrition and Their Caregivers.

In this prospective study, patients on home parenteral nutrition were twice as likely to be colonized with Staphylococcus aureus if their caregivers were carriers. Among S. aureus-positive patients and their caregivers, molecular analysis showed 68% genetically related strains.

To what extent can decommissioning options for marine artificial structures move us toward environmental targets?

Switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy is key to international energy transition efforts and the move toward net zero. For many nations, this requires decommissioning of hundreds of oil and gas infrastructure in the marine environment. Current international, regional and national legislation largely dictates that structures must be completely removed at end-of-life although, increasingly, alternative decommissioning options are being promoted and implemented.

The diagnostic accuracy of the GeneXpert ESBL- prototype assay for rapid PCR-based detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes directly from urine.

Early identification of complicated urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales has the potential to limit the use of carbapenems to those patients without alternative antibiotic options and avoid the empirical use of carbapenems in patients without ESBL-producing bacteria. The purpose for such a test will differ by setting and ESBL prevalence rates. Countries with low ESBL rates and cephalosporins as empiric treatment (e.

Decommissioning of offshore wind farms and its impact on benthic ecology.

At the end of their operational life time offshore wind farms need to be decommissioned. How and to what extent the removal of the underwater structures impairs the ecosystem that developed during the operational phase of the wind farm is not known. So, decision makers face a knowledge gap, making the consideration of such ecological impacts challenging when planning decommissioning.

Impact of ultra-high-resolution imaging of the lungs on perceived diagnostic image quality using photon-counting CT.

Objectives: To compare clinical image quality and perceived impact on diagnostic interpretation of chest CT findings between ultra-high-resolution photon-counting CT (UHR-PCCT) and conventional high-resolution energy-integrating-detector CT (HR-EIDCT) using visual grading analysis (VGA) scores.

Materials And Methods: Fifty patients who underwent a UHR-PCCT (matrix 512 × 512, 768 × 768, or 1024 × 1024; FOV average 275 × 376 mm, 120 × 0.2 mm; focal spot size 0.

The Transcriptome Response to Azole Compounds in Shows Differential Gene Expression across Pathways Essential for Azole Resistance and Cell Survival.

The opportunistic pathogen is found on all continents and thrives in soil and agricultural environments. Its ability to readily adapt to novel environments and to produce billions of spores led to the spread of azole-resistant across the globe, posing a threat to many immunocompromised patients, including critically ill patients with severe influenza or COVID-19. In our study, we sought to compare the adaptational response to azoles from isolates that differ in azole susceptibility and genetic background.

The potential role of drug transporters and amikacin modifying enzymes in M. avium.

Objectives: Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) complex bacteria cause opportunistic infections in humans. Treatment yields cure rates of 60% and consists of a macrolide, a rifamycin, and ethambutol, and in severe cases, amikacin.

The CH transcription factor SltA is required for germination and hyphal development in .

Germination of inhaled conidia is a necessary sequitur for infection. Germination of conidia starts with the breaking of dormancy, which is initiated by an increase of the cellular perimeter in a process termed isotropic growth. This swelling phase is followed by polarized growth, resulting in the formation of a germ tube.

Targeting the 16S rRNA Gene by Reverse Complement PCR Next-Generation Sequencing: Specific and Sensitive Detection and Identification of Microbes Directly in Clinical Samples.

The detection and accurate identification of bacterial species in clinical samples are crucial for diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment. To date, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene has been widely used as a complementary molecular approach when identification by culture fails. The accuracy and sensitivity of this method are highly affected by the selection of the 16S rRNA gene region targeted.

Offshore Wind Energy and Marine Biodiversity in the North Sea: Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Benthic Communities.

Large-scale offshore wind energy developments represent a major player in the energy transition but are likely to have (negative or positive) impacts on marine biodiversity. Wind turbine foundations and sour protection often replace soft sediment with hard substrates, creating artificial reefs for sessile dwellers. Offshore wind farm (OWF) furthermore leads to a decrease in (and even a cessation of) bottom trawling, as this activity is prohibited in many OWFs.

Offshore decommissioning horizon scan: Research priorities to support decision-making activities for oil and gas infrastructure.

Thousands of oil and gas structures have been installed in the world's oceans over the past 70 years to meet the population's reliance on hydrocarbons. Over the last decade, there has been increased concern over how to handle decommissioning of this infrastructure when it reaches the end of its operational life. Complete or partial removal may or may not present the best option when considering potential impacts on the environment, society, technical feasibility, economy, and future asset liability.

Randomized clinical trial: Long-term Staphylococcus aureus decolonization in patients on home parenteral nutrition.

Background & Aims: Staphylococcus aureus decolonization has proven successful in prevention of S. aureus infections and is a key strategy to maintain venous access and avoid hospitalization in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN). We aimed to determine the most effective and safe long-term S.

MGIT Enriched Shotgun Metagenomics for Routine Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: a Route to Personalized Health Care.

Currently, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are identified using small genomic regions, and species-level identification is often not possible. We introduce a next-generation sequencing (NGS) workflow that identifies mycobacteria to (sub)species level on the basis of the whole genome extracted from enriched shotgun metagenomic data. This technique is used to study the association between genotypes and clinical manifestations to pave the way to more personalized health care.

Guideline No. 430: Diagnosis and management of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes.

Objective: To provide clear and concise guidelines for the diagnosis and management of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) TARGET POPULATION: All patients with PPROM <37 weeks gestation BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS: This guideline aims to provide the first Canadian general guideline on the management of preterm membrane rupture. It includes a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the evidence on the diagnosis, management, timing and method of delivery.

Evidence: The following search terms were entered into PubMed/Medline and Cochrane in 2021: preterm premature rupture of membranes, PPROM, chorioamnionitis, Nitrazine test, ferning, commercial tests, placental alpha microglobulin-1 (PAMG-1) test, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) test, ultrasonography, PPROM/antenatal corticosteroids, PPROM/Magnesium sulphate, PPROM/ antibiotic treatment, PPROM/tocolysis, PPROM/preterm labour, PPROM/Neonatal outcomes, PPROM/mortality, PPROM/outpatient/inpatient, PPROM/cerclage, previable PPROM.

[Directive clinique n 430 : Diagnostic et prise en charge de la rupture prématurée des membranes avant terme].

Objectif: Fournir des directives claires et concises pour le diagnostic et la prise en charge de la rupture prématurée des membranes avant terme (RPMAT).

Population Cible: Toute patiente manifestant une rupture prématurée des membranes avant 37 semaines d'aménorrhée. BéNéFICES, RISQUES ET COûTS: La présente directive clinique vise à fournir les premières recommandations générales canadiennes sur la prise en charge de la rupture des membranes avant terme.

The impact of endoscopic lung volume reduction on physical activity coaching in patients with severe emphysema.

Introduction: Endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) aims to improve pulmonary function in severe emphysema. Physical activity (PA) coaching is expected to improve daily life PA. When improving ventilatory constrains in severe COPD, a better response to PA coaching is expected.

Small suspension-feeding amphipods play a pivotal role in carbon dynamics around offshore man-made structures.

The establishment of artificial hard substrates (i.e. offshore wind farms and oil and gas platforms) on marine soft sediments increases the available habitat for invertebrate communities that would otherwise be restricted to natural hard bottoms.