Interventions to address health outcomes among autistic adults: A systematic review.

Autistic adults have more health problems then their same-aged peers. Yet little research has been conducted that focuses on addressing these health problems. In order to guide future research, it is important to know what intervention studies have been done to improve health outcomes among autistic adults.

Health Insurance Surcharges For Tobacco Use Declined Among Small Employers In 2018.

Use of increased premiums for tobacco users in the small-group market fell to 4.1 percent in 2018 from 17.8 percent in 2017 and 16.

The Impact Of Medicare's Mental Health Cost-Sharing Parity On Use Of Mental Health Care Services.

Before the implementation of cost-sharing parity in Medicare, beneficiaries faced higher cost sharing for mental health services than for other medical services. The Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 phased in cost-sharing reductions in Medicare for outpatient mental health services in the period 2010-14. Using data for 2006-15 from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and difference-in-differences analyses, we assessed whether this reduction in mental health cost sharing was associated with changes in specialty and primary care outpatient mental health visits and psychotropic medication fills.

Immune response to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccines detecting antibodies to BVDV subtypes 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2c.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) represents a major cattle disease with multiple forms including fetal infections resulting in persistently infected (PI) cattle. The objectives of this study were to investigate the immune response to six vaccines, five modified live viral (MLV) and one killed vaccine containing BVDV immunogens as measured by antibodies to BVDV1a, BVDV1b, BVDV2a, and BVDV2c. The predominant BVDV subgenotype in the U.

Blood eosinophil count group shifts and kinetics in severe eosinophilic asthma.

Background: Blood eosinophil count (BEC) measurements are a noninvasive, relatively reliable surrogate marker for eosinophilic airway inflammation. Single measurements of peripheral BEC greater than or equal to 150 cells/μL predict the response to anti-eosinophil therapies for patients with characteristics of severe eosinophilic asthma.

Objective: To describe how BECs shift over time for patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma receiving placebo in 2 large, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of benralizumab (SIROCCO and CALIMA).

Removal of Fc Glycans from [Zr]Zr-DFO-Anti-CD8 Prevents Peripheral Depletion of CD8 T Cells.

The -linked biantennary glycans on the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (mAbs) are instrumental in the recognition of the Fc region by Fc-gamma receptors (FcγR). In the case of full-length mAb-based imaging tracers targeting immune cell populations, these Fc:FcγR interactions can potentially deplete effector cells responsible for tumor clearance. To bypass this problem, we hypothesize that the enzymatic removal of the Fc glycans will disrupt Fc:FcγR interactions and spare tracer-targeted immune cells from depletion during immunopositron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging.

Large contribution from anthropogenic warming to an emerging North American megadrought.

Severe and persistent 21st-century drought in southwestern North America (SWNA) motivates comparisons to medieval megadroughts and questions about the role of anthropogenic climate change. We use hydrological modeling and new 1200-year tree-ring reconstructions of summer soil moisture to demonstrate that the 2000-2018 SWNA drought was the second driest 19-year period since 800 CE, exceeded only by a late-1500s megadrought. The megadrought-like trajectory of 2000-2018 soil moisture was driven by natural variability superimposed on drying due to anthropogenic warming.

Depression treatment preferences by race/ethnicity and gender and associations between past healthcare discrimination experiences and present preferences in a nationally representative sample.

Background: Depression treatment disparities are well documented. Differing treatment preferences across social groups have been suggested as a cause of these disparities. However, existing studies of treatment preferences have been limited to individuals currently receiving clinical care, and existing measures of depression treatment preferences have not accounted for factors that may be disproportionately relevant to the preferences of disparities populations.

Characterization of the Phage vB_EclM_CIP9.

is an opportunistic pathogen that causes hospital-acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe vB_EclM_CIP9, a novel phage that infects a multidrug-resistant isolate of Phage vB_EclM_CIP9 is a myovirus that has a 174,924-bp genome, with 296 predicted open reading frames.

Recruitment of Ubiquitin within an E2 Chain Elongation Complex.

The ubiquitin (Ub) proteolysis pathway uses an E1, E2, and E3 enzyme cascade to label substrate proteins with ubiquitin and target them for degradation. The mechanisms of ubiquitin chain formation remain unclear and include a sequential addition model, in which polyubiquitin chains are built unit by unit on the substrate, or a preassembly model, in which polyubiquitin chains are preformed on the E2 or E3 enzyme and then transferred in one step to the substrate. The E2 conjugating enzyme UBE2K has a 150-residue catalytic core domain and a C-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain.

Corporate self-sufficiency during disasters.

In the aftermath of a major disaster, whether natural or man-made, corporations cannot depend on the assistance of outside emergency services. Yet, while the case for corporate self-sufficiency has never been more apparent, most companies are ill-prepared for disaster. To address this problem, this article is designed to help senior executives ask the difficult questions in order to identify whether their company is truly 'response ready'.

Transdisciplinary Approach Practicum for Speech-Language Pathology and Special Education Graduate Students.

Speech-language pathology and special education graduate student teams participated in an intensive summer practicum for social communication skills with children with autism spectrum disorders, utilizing a transdisciplinary approach that aligned to the frameworks utilized for implementation science. Questionnaires measuring transdisciplinary approach knowledge and comfort level were administered pre/post-practicum. Results of the questionnaires, written daily team reflections, course evaluations, and a focus group interview indicated an increase in all measures, including an increased knowledge of TA, increased understanding and comfort level with the other discipline, and a higher level of confidence and openness in working collaboratively utilizing a transdisciplinary approach.

Associations between neighborhood-level factors and opioid-related mortality: A multi-level analysis using death certificate data.

Aim: To identify associations between opioid-related mortality and neighborhood-level risk factors.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Massachusetts, USA.

Ocular Complications in School-Age Children and Adolescents after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Purpose: To determine the ocular complications in school-age children and adolescents surviving at least 1 year following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: In this institutional study, 162 patients (7-18 years old) met our inclusion criteria with a mean age of 13.

Diversity buffers winegrowing regions from climate change losses.

Agrobiodiversity-the variation within agricultural plants, animals, and practices-is often suggested as a way to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on crops [S. A. Wood , 30, 531-539 (2015)].

Inkjet-Printed Imbedded Graphene Nanoplatelet/Zinc Oxide Bulk Heterojunctions Nanocomposite Films for Ultraviolet Photodetection.

A ZnO sol-gel precursor (ZnOPr) and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) are mixed into a composite ink for inkjet printing photodetectors with bulk heterojunctions of ZnO/GnP on a heated SiO/Si substrate. Heating of the SiO/Si wafers at ∼50 °C was found optimal to prevent segregated droplets on the hydrophobic surface of the SiO/Si substrate during printing. After printing the ZnO/GnP channels, thermal annealing at 350 °C for 2 h was performed for crystallization of ZnO and formation of the ZnO/GnP heterojunctions.

A Comparison of Health Care Expenditures for Medicaid-Insured Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Asthma in an Expanding Accountable Care Organization.

As value-based care continues to expand, more children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) will be treated by accountable care organizations (ACOs), provider organizations seeking to improve population health while reducing costs. To inform ACO strategies for children with ASD, this study compared health care expenditures of children insured by a Medicaid managed care organization, empaneled to a safety net ACO, with ASD, asthma, and neither diagnosis. Compared to other study groups, children with ASD were more costly, had lower rates of acute care, and had higher rates of "leaked" care provided by home- and community-based mental health agencies outside of the ACO.

Radiation-induced osteosarcoma following treatment of Ewing's sarcoma.

Radiation-induced sarcomas are a known, rare, complication from prior therapeutic radiation therapy. Radiation-induced sarcomas have been reported to have poor associated prognoses with increased morbidity and mortality when compared to primary sarcomas. In this case report, we discuss a 27-year-old female who presented at the age of 17 during pregnancy with an inability to bear weight and was subsequently diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma of her femur.

Food addiction, eating addiction and eating disorders.

The concept of food addiction is currently a highly debated subject within both the general public and the scientific communities. The term food addiction suggests that individuals may experience addictive-like responses to food, similar to those seen with classic substances of abuse. An increasing number of studies have established the prevalence and correlates of food addiction.

Triple hydrogen atom abstraction from Mn-NH complexes results in cyclophosphazenium cations.

All hydrogen atoms of the NH3 in [Mn(depe)2(CO)(NH3)]+ are abstracted by 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxyl radical, resulting in the isolation of a rare cyclophosphazenium cation, [(Et2P(CH2)2PEt2)N]+, in 76% yield. An analogous reaction is observed for [Mn(dppe)2(CO)(NH3)]+. Computations suggest insertion of NHx into a Mn-P bond provides the thermodynamic driving force.

A case series: alternative access for refractory shock during cardiac arrest.

Background: In patients with iliofemoral arterial disease, transcaval and percutaneous axillary artery access are safe alternatives for delivery of transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. In the setting of cardiac arrest, arterial access is crucial for delivery of mechanical circulatory support devices such as an Impella CP or cannulation for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECMO). We report the use of transcaval and axillary artery access in three cases of cardiac arrest in which the emergent placement of an Impella CP (Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) or cannulation for ECMO was instrumental in resuscitation from refractory cardiac arrest.

The relationship between food addiction and patterns of disordered eating with exercise dependence: in amateur endurance athletes.

Purpose: Examine the prevalence and potential relationships among food addiction (FA)-as measured by Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0), eating disorders (ED)-as measured by Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS)-and exercise dependence (EXD)-as measured by Questionnaire to Diagnose Exercise Dependence in Endurance Sports (FESA), for the first time worldwide, in amateur endurance athletes.

Electronic Medical Record Versus Bedside Assessment: How to Evaluate Frailty in Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Patients?

Background: Screening patients for frailty is traditionally done at the bedside. However, recent electronic medical record (EMR)-based, comorbidity-focused frailty assessments have been developed. Our objective was to determine how a common bedside frailty assessment, the trauma and emergency surgery (TEGS) frailty index (FI), compares to an EMR-based frailty assessment in predicting geriatric TEGS outcomes.