Determinants of Anemia in Schoolchildren in the Highland Bolivia.

Anemia is a health problem of concern among schoolchildren in underprivileged rural regions, where recurrent parasitic infections are common. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 229 schoolchildren in rural highland Bolivia in the department of La Paz, an area with a high prevalence of protozoan and helminth infections, to determine the types and mechanisms of anemia. A substantial proportion of children (40.

Arachidonoylethanolamide promotes cellular senescence in a human glioblastoma cell line.

Glioblastomas are the most common and deadly primary brain tumors, with high mortality rates despite aggressive therapies. Cellular senescence is important for cancer development, as it limits tumor progression; however, it may also stimulate inflammation at the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor development. Hence, modulation of senescence is an important target for cancer therapy.

New evidence confirms the presence of the diamond stingray Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert 1880) in Chile and extends its southern range.

The diamond stingray (Hypanus dipterurus) is a species of cartilaginous fish that, according to the IUCN, is globally in a vulnerable state of conservation and its populations show a decline. New records of this ray species in southern Peru and northern Chile have expanded their known range. The species is distributed in the Eastern Central Pacific, from southern California to San Andres, on the central coast of Peru, but is poorly known in Chile.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Theta Burst Stimulation for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Three-Month Feasibility and Brain Target-Engagement Study.

Background: Cue-induced craving precipitates relapse in drug and alcohol use disorders. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) to the left frontal pole of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has previously been shown to reduce drinking and brain reactivity to alcohol cues. This randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled target-engagement study aimed to assess whether TBS has similar effects in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD).

Revolutionising Faculty Development and Continuing Medical Education Through AI-Generated Videos.

Producing high-quality and engaging educational videos for continuing medical education (CME) is traditionally time-consuming and costly. Generative AI tools have shown promise in creating synthetic videos that mimic traditional lecture videos. We conducted a comparative analysis of four AI video generation platforms HeyGen, Synthesia, Colossyan, and HourOne using the Kano model.

Supplementation with inulin reverses cognitive flexibility alterations and modulates the gut microbiota in high-fat-fed mice.

Introduction: Alterations in cognitive performance are associated with inadequate nutritional states and diet composition. Prebiotics, such as inulin, are substances that can modulate the gut microbiome and, consequently, brain function by producing metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with inulin on cognitive flexibility, body composition, and gut microbiota in a murine model exposed to a high-fat (HF) diet.

Visual Quality, Patient Satisfaction, and Photic Phenomena With a Diffractive Intraocular Lens and Its New Evolved Materials Version.

Purpose: To assess the visual quality, patient satisfaction, and photic phenomena 3 and 12 months after the implantation of two similar diffractive intraocular lenses (IOLs) manufactured with different materials.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with the AcrySof PanOptix IOL or the Clareon Pan-Optix IOL (both Alcon Laboratories, Inc). Three and 12 months after the surgery, binocular contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions was measured.

The Effects of Environmental Factors on General Human Health: A Scoping Review.

The external environment constantly influences human health through many factors, including air quality, access to green spaces, exposure to pollutants, and climate change. Contamination poses a substantial threat to human well-being; conversely, environmental factors also positively impact health. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the complex relationship between various environmental factors and human health.

Enhancing photodynamic and radionuclide therapy by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-RAD51 transfection via self-emulsifying delivery systems (SNEDDS).

Background Aims: Gene-silencing by small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an attractive therapy to regulate cancer death, tumor recurrence or metastasis. Because siRNAs are easily degraded, it is necessary to develop transport and delivery systems to achieve efficient tumor targeting. Self-nanoemulsifying systems (SNEDDS) have been successfully used for pDNA transport and delivery, so they may be useful for siRNA.

An automatic deep reinforcement learning bolus calculator for automated insulin delivery systems.

In hybrid automatic insulin delivery (HAID) systems, meal disturbance is compensated by feedforward control, which requires the announcement of the meal by the patient with type 1 diabetes (DM1) to achieve the desired glycemic control performance. The calculation of insulin bolus in the HAID system is based on the amount of carbohydrates (CHO) in the meal and patient-specific parameters, i.e.

Perception of patients with retinal pathology on aspects of visual function and their management.

Background And Objective: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are highly prevalent.

Objective: To explore perceptions of patients with AMD or DR about the impact of the disease and treatment on their daily living activities.

Materials And Methods: Semi-structured interviews with a questionnaire developed from validated patient reported outcomes questionnaires.

Generative deep learning for the development of a type 1 diabetes simulator.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) simulators, crucial for advancing diabetes treatments, often fall short of capturing the entire complexity of the glucose-insulin system due to the imprecise approximation of the physiological models. This study introduces a simulation approach employing a conditional deep generative model. The aim is to overcome the limitations of existing T1D simulators by synthesizing virtual patients that more accurately represent the entire glucose-insulin system physiology.

An ensemble machine learning approach for the detection of unannounced meals to enhance postprandial glucose control.

Hybrid automated insulin delivery systems enhance postprandial glucose control in type 1 diabetes, however, meal announcements are burdensome. To overcome this, we propose a machine learning-based automated meal detection approach; METHODS:: A heterogeneous ensemble method combining an artificial neural network, random forest, and logistic regression was employed. Trained and tested on data from two in-silico cohorts comprising 20 and 47 patients.

Optimizing Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disease of autoimmune etiology occurring predominantly in women. A major hurdle to the diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutic advancement of this disease is its heterogeneous nature, which presents as a wide range of symptoms such as fatigue, fever, musculoskeletal involvement, neuropsychiatric disorders, and cardiovascular involvement with varying severity. The current therapeutic approach to this disease includes the administration of immunomodulatory drugs that may produce unfavorable secondary effects.

Effect of pyridoxine or cobalamin supplementation on apoptosis and cell cycle progression in a human glioblastoma cell line.

Unlabelled: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive type of brain tumor, with current therapies failing to significantly improve patient survival. Vitamins have important effects on cellular processes that are relevant for tumor development and progression.

Aim: The present study explored the effect of pyridoxine or cobalamin supplementation on the viability and cell cycle progression of human glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG.

Medium-term visual and refractive outcomes in patients with pseudoexfoliation implanted with a toric or multifocal intraocular lens.

Purpose: To report medium-term visual acuity and refractive outcomes of patients with pseudoexfoliation implanted with toric or multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with pseudoexfoliation who had undergone phacoemulsification between 2016 and 2020 with at least 24 months follow-up.

Results: Mean follow-up was 44.

Visual Performance of Eyes with Residual Refractive Errors after Implantation of an Extended Vision Intraocular Lens.

Background: To analyze the tolerance on distance vision of different combined residual astigmatic situations in patients implanted with a novel wavefront shaping extended depth of focus (EDoF) intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods: The study included patients implanted with the Acrysof® IQ Vivity® IOL. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were measured three months after surgery, considering CDVA as the reference situation of the study.

Intermittent closed-loop blood glucose control for people with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections.

Background And Objectives: Recent advances in Automated Insulin Delivery systems have been shown to dramatically improve glycaemic control and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes. However, they are complex systems that require specific training and are not affordable for most. Attempts to reduce the gap with closed-loop therapies using advanced dosing advisors have so far failed, mainly because they require too much human intervention.

Sleep timing, chronotype, and posttraumatic stress disorder: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Sleep disturbance is a major component of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of circadian disruption is largely overlooked, though many PTSD studies collect proxy markers of circadian timing. This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis examined the correlation between sleep timing / chronotype and PTSD severity among individuals diagnosed with PTSD, the standardized mean difference in sleep timing / chronotype for individuals with and without PTSD, and moderators of these relationships.

Visual performance and impact of residual refractive errors with trifocal intraocular lenses of different aspheric design.

Background: To assess the visual quality and the tolerance to low refractive errors of two trifocal intraocular lenses (IOL) with different amounts of spherical aberration (SA).

Methods: The study included patients having bilateral implantation of the AcrySof® IQ PanOptix (aberration-correcting) or the RayOne (aberration-free) Trifocal IOL. Three months after the surgery patients underwent: monocular/binocular and uncorrected/corrected distance visual acuity (VA) and binocular defocus curves.

Bolus Insulin calculation without meal information. A reinforcement learning approach.

In continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injections, insulin boluses are usually calculated based on patient-specific parameters, such as carbohydrates-to-insulin ratio (CR), insulin sensitivity-based correction factor (CF), and the estimation of the carbohydrates (CHO) to be ingested. This study aimed to calculate insulin boluses without CR, CF, and CHO content, thereby eliminating the errors caused by misestimating CHO and alleviating the management burden on the patient. A Q-learning-based reinforcement learning algorithm (RL) was developed to optimise bolus insulin doses for in-silico type 1 diabetic patients.

Expert Panel Consensus for Addressing Anti-VEGF Treatment Challenges of Diabetic Macular Edema in Spain.

Purpose: The treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) has evolved rapidly in the past decade, highlighting the need to address the challenges of routine clinical practice decision-making through expert consensus agreements.

Methods: After a literature review and discussion of real-world experience on DME management, a group of ten retina specialists agreed on a consensus of recommendations for the most appropriate management of DME patients using vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) in Spain.

Results: The panel recommended early treatment initiation in DME patients with worse baseline visual acuity (VA) to maintain or improve outcome.

Generation of Individualized Synthetic Data for Augmentation of the Type 1 Diabetes Data Sets Using Deep Learning Models.

In this paper, we present a methodology based on generative adversarial network architecture to generate synthetic data sets with the intention of augmenting continuous glucose monitor data from individual patients. We use these synthetic data with the aim of improving the overall performance of prediction models based on machine learning techniques. Experiments were performed on two cohorts of patients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus with significant differences in their clinical outcomes.