The Anxiety Burden in Patients with Chronic Intestinal Failure on Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition and in Their Caregivers.

: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a life-saving treatment for patients affected by chronic intestinal failure (CIF). Both this clinical condition and its therapy require radical lifestyle modifications, affecting life quality and psychological balance in patients as well as family members. Patient psychological burden has rarely been taken into consideration, not to mention that of caregivers.

Nutritional Screening and Anthropometry in Patients Admitted From the Emergency Department.

Background: Due to the high prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalized patients, screening and assessment of nutritional status should be routinely performed upon hospital admission. The main objective of this observational study was to evaluate the prevalence of and the risk for malnutrition, as identified by using three nutritional screening tests, and to observe whether some anthropometric and functional parameters used for nutritional evaluation were related to these test scores.

Methods: This single-center observational study included 207 patients admitted from the emergency department for hospitalization in either the internal medicine or surgery units of our institution from September 2017 to December 2018.

Nutritional indicators and metabolic alterations in outpatients with anorexia nervosa: a retrospective study.

Purpose: In patients living with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), dehydration and haemoconcentration, may prevent a correct interpretation of laboratory nutritional parameters. Our study aims to evaluate if some indicators of disease severity, as body mass index (BMI), Phase Angle (PhA) and months of amenorrhea may be predictors of metabolic alterations (serum albumin, liver enzymes).

Methods: In 154 outpatients with AN, case history was collected, and anthropometric and laboratory parameters measured.

Long-Term Outcomes from a 10-Year Follow-Up of Women Living with a Restrictive Eating Disorder: A Brief Report.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate several socio-demographic and long-term clinical outcomes in a cohort of women living with a restrictive eating disorder.

Methods: Patients were asked to fill in a general data collection form aiming to investigate their current conditions and to attend the outpatient unit for a 10-year follow-up clinical and laboratory evaluation.

Results: Forty-four patients completed the follow-up general data collection form and 20 agreed to attend the outpatient unit for the 10 year-follow-up evaluation.

Phylogenetic reconstruction of breast cancer reveals two routes of metastatic dissemination associated with distinct clinical outcome.

Background: In breast cancer (BC), axillary lymph node (ALN) involvement is one of the strongest adverse prognostic factors. However, it is unclear whether loco-regional lymph node deposits are effectively the root of secondary metastases or only an indicator of competence of the primary tumour to spread to distant organs.

Methods: Here, we investigated the evolutionary trajectories of primary tumour, ALN and distant metastasis samples from 16 estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive lymph node-positive BC patients.

Nutrition Transition and Cancer.

Urbanization, population aging, and climatic changes have mostly contributed to nutrition transition and, consequently, to effects of food habits on the epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially cancer. Climatic changes are negatively affecting crop production, particularly biodiversity, leading to reduced food choices and, consequently, nutritional value and the protection conferred from consumption of a variety of nutrients essential in a healthy diet. This brief review analyzes the possible link between rapid demographic changes, climatic and environmental crises, and the current food system as possible factors contributing to the role of nutrition transition in the onset of cancer.

Macronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition: Amino Acids.

The right amount and quality of amino acids (AAs) supplied to patients on parenteral nutrition (PN) reduces muscle mass loss, may preserve or even increase it, with significant clinical benefits. Several industrial PN mixtures are available so that nutrition specialists can choose the product closest to the patient's needs. In selected cases, there is the possibility of personalizing compounded mixtures in a hospital pharmacy that completely meets the individual nutritional needs of PN patients.

Association between Health-Related Quality of Life and Nutritional Status in Adult Patients with Crohn's Disease.

This study aimed to assess health related quality of life (HRQoL) in adult patients with Crohn's disease (CD), considering disease severity and gender differences, and also its relationship with nutritional status. Consecutive adult patients aged 18-65 years with CD were recruited. Disease activity was clinically defined by the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) in active and quiescent phases.

Evaluation of nutritional adequacy in adult patients with Crohn's disease: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Inadequate oral intake may play an important role in the onset of malnutrition in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The aims of this cross-sectional study were: (1) to compare dietary intake in clinically active and quiescent CD patients, and (2) to assess patients' nutritional adequacy relative to the dietary reference values (DRVs) for the Italian population using LARN (Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti ed energia per la popolazione italiana).

Methods: Patients aged between 18 and 65 years with a diagnosis of CD were recruited.

Nutritional Rehabilitation in Patients with Malnutrition Due to Crohn's Disease.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease frequently associated with malabsorption and secondary protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).

Methods: Biochemical and clinical data of 63 (34 females, 29 males) patients with PEM due to CD sent to our outpatient unit for nutritional evaluation were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups, according to disease activity.

Cardiac Changes in Patients on Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition.

Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) on long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) chronically receive high fluid volumes directly into the right atrium (RA) through the superior vena cava. We retrospectively evaluated cardiac function measured by routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a population of 26 SBS patients on long-term HPN and compared their data on echocardiograph-derived right heart structure and function, with those of a control group of 26 patients also bearing a central venous catheter (CVC) for other reasons. Results showed that body weight and BMI were significantly higher in the control group.

Assessment of bioelectrical phase angle as a predictor of nutritional status in patients with Crohn's disease: A cross sectional study.

Background & Aims: The assessment of body composition (BC) can be used to identify malnutrition in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of CD patients by assessing BC, phase angle (PhA) and muscle strength. Differences in disease duration and medications were also considered.

Assessment of Body Composition in Health and Disease Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA): A Critical Overview.

The measurement of body composition (BC) represents a valuable tool to assess nutritional status in health and disease. The most used methods to evaluate BC in the clinical practice are based on bicompartment models and measure, directly or indirectly, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (nowadays considered as the reference technique in clinical practice) are extensively used in epidemiological (mainly BIA) and clinical (mainly DXA) settings to evaluate BC.

Chronic inflammatory liver diseases and coffee intake.

Purpose Of Review: To review the healthy protective effects of coffee against several metabolic diseases and some types of cancer. In this short review, the possible preventive and/or therapeutic actions of coffee on liver function is focused.

Recent Findings: The protective mechanisms of coffee are various and because of several components with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in addition to caffeine.

Food-Based Dietary Guidelines around the World: Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries.

In Eastern Mediterranean countries, undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies coexist with overnutrition-related diseases, such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Many Mediterranean countries have produced Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) to provide the general population with indications for healthy nutrition and lifestyles. This narrative review analyses Eastern Mediterranean countries' FBDGs and discusses their pictorial representations, food groupings and associated messages on healthy eating and behaviours.

Home Parenteral Nutrition in Patients with Intestinal Failure: Possible Undetected Complications.

Background: Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) may be a frequently undetected complication of central venous catheter (CVC)-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs).

Materials And Methods: The incidence of SPE was evaluated in a cohort of non-oncological patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) who were hospitalized for a CRBSI from January 2013 to December 2017. The main clinical, microbiological, and radiological features and the therapeutic approach were also described.

Resting Energy Expenditure, Body Composition and Phase Angle in Anorectic, Ballet Dancers and Constitutionally Lean Males.

Background: The prevalence of anorexia nervosa among males is increasing but few data are available in the literature. This cross sectional study aims to evaluate resting energy expenditure (REE) and phase angle as a marker of qualitative changes of fat free mass (FFM) in three leanness groups as compared with control subjects.

Methods: 17 anorectic (AN) males, 15 constitutionally lean (CL) individuals, 12 ballet dancers (DC), and 18 control (CTR) subjects were evaluated.

Are Raw BIA Variables Useful for Predicting Resting Energy Expenditure in Adults with Obesity?

This study aimed to develop and validate new predictive equations for resting energy expenditure (REE) in a large sample of subjects with obesity also considering raw variables from bioimpedance-analysis (BIA). A total of 2225 consecutive obese outpatients were recruited and randomly assigned to calibration ( = 1680) and validation ( = 545) groups. Subjects were also split into three subgroups according to their body mass index (BMI).

Intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the most recent evidence on the efficacy of intermittent energy restriction (IER) versus continuous energy restriction on weight-loss, body composition, blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, TRIP databases, EMBASE and CINAHL until May 2018. Effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Essential Amino Acid Profile in Parenteral Nutrition Mixtures: Does It Meet Needs?

Background And Aims: The study compares the essential amino acid (EAA) composition of different parenteral nutrition (PN) mixtures with whey protein EAA profile and the theoretical daily EAA requirements (set by WHO/FAO/UNU or IAAO method). According to the individual EAA profile, the potential effect of several PN mixtures was evaluated on the skeletal muscle mass (SMM) of patients on home PN.

Methods: Eight AA solutions and fifteen complete PN mixtures were considered.

Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Dietary Intake in Italian Women With Restrictive Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study.

Nutritional disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa (AN) can shape the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites such as short chain fatty acid (SCFA). This study aims to compare fecal SCFA along with dietary intake of women with restrictive AN (r-AN = 10) and those of sex-matched lean controls (C = 8). The main fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were assessed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector.

Time trend prevalence of artificial nutrition counselling in a university hospital.

Objectives: The negative effects of malnutrition on the prognosis of hospitalized patients are well documented; however, less known is the awareness and knowledge of health care professionals about this complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of the requests for nutritional consultation in years and the prescription of artificial nutrition (AN), for adult patients at a university hospital in southern Italy in the years 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 to assess the progress of medical teams concerning awareness of hospital malnutrition.

Methods: This was a retrospective study that evaluated the time trend of nutritional consultation requests and related prescription of AN, for adult patients at a university hospital in southern Italy in the years 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016.

Corrigendum to "Circulating Levels of Sirtuin 4, a Potential Marker of Oxidative Metabolism, Related to Coronary Artery Disease in Obese Patients Suffering from NAFLD, with Normal or Slightly Increased Liver Enzymes".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/920676.].