Sexual Health in HIV-Positive Men Under Stable Antiretroviral Therapy During a 12-Month Period.

Background: Sexual health is becoming increasingly important for many HIV-positive men undergoing highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) but remains frequently unaddressed in routine clinical consultation.

Aim: To comprehensively evaluate sexual health in male patients with HIV on stable ART over a 12-month period.

Methods: The prospectively registered cohort study comprising 87 HIV-positive men on stable ART (median age: 43 years) was conducted between 2011 and 2015 at a university hospital.

Elevated CCL2 causes Leydig cell malfunction in metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with chronic inflammation, predisposes males to hypogonadism and subfertility. The underlying mechanism of these pathologies remains poorly understood. Homozygous leptin-resistant obese db/db mice are characterized by small testes, low testicular testosterone, and a reduced number of Leydig cells.

Paracrine regulation and improvement of β-cell function by thioredoxin.

The failure of insulin-producing β-cells is the underlying cause of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. β-cell decay has been linked to hypoxia, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Thioredoxin (Trx) proteins are major actors in redox signaling and essential for signal transduction and the cellular stress response.

Hyperglycemia induces spermatogenic disruption via major pathways of diabetes pathogenesis.

Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia has previously been shown to impact on male sub-/infertility, however, still little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In the present study we have addressed three major biochemical pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia induced organ damage (the advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation pathway, the diacylglycerol-protein kinase C pathway (PKC), and the polyol pathway) in both testis and epididymis of the Ins2 mouse model of Type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Hyperglycemia activated both the PKC and the polyol pathway in a significant and progressive manner within the testis, but not within the epididymis.

Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia impairs male reproductive function: a systematic review.

Background: Hyperglycemia can result from a loss of pancreatic beta-cells or a decline in their function leading to decreased insulin secretion or may arise from insulin resistance and variable degrees of inadequate insulin secretion resulting in diabetes and related comorbidities. To date several reviews have addressed the issue of diabetes-related male infertility but most have focused on how metabolic syndrome causes the decline in male fertility. However, a comprehensive overview as to how diabetes-induced hyperglycemia impairs male fertility is missing.

Low Glycemic Index Prototype Isomaltulose-Update of Clinical Trials.

Low glycemic index diets are supposed to achieve a more beneficial effect on blood glucose control in people with diabetes mellitus and may also provide metabolic benefits for the general population. A prototype of a low-glycemic index carbohydrate is the natural occurring disaccharide isomaltulose that can be commercially produced from sucrose (beet sugar) to industrial scale. It is currently used in various food and drink applications as well as special and clinical nutrition feeds and formula diet as a food ingredient and alternative sugar.

Hyperglycemia is associated with reduced testicular function and activin dysregulation in the Ins2 mouse model of type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with subfertility in men. We hypothesised that this results from inhibitory effects of chronic hyperglycemia on testicular function and used the Ins2 mouse model to investigate this. Diabetic mice exhibited progressive testicular dysfunction, with a 30% reduction in testis weight at 24 weeks of age.