Physiologic Voice Rehabilitation Based on Water Resistance Therapy With Connected Speech in Subjects With Vocal Fatigue.

Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a physiologic voice therapy program based on water resistance therapy (WRT) exercises including connected speech in a group of subjects with voice complaints (vocal effort and fatigue).

Methods: Twenty-four participants with behavioral dysphonia were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: (1) voice treatment with WRT plus vocal hygiene program (n = 12), and (2) vocal hygiene program only (n = 12). Laryngoscopic assessment was performed in all subjects.

Understanding Flower Colour: Links between Phenotype, Anthocyanins and Gene Expression.

Flower colour is mainly due to the accumulation of flavonoids, carotenoids and betalains in the petals. Of these pigments, flavonoids are responsible for a wide variety of colours ranging from pale yellow (flavones, flavonols and flavanodiols) to blue-violet (anthocyanins). This character plays a crucial ecological role by attracting and guiding pollinators.