An updated profile of the cancer burden, patterns and trends in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of disease and death in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Contemporary data on the cancer burden aims to inform effective cancer policies; this article provides an update and benchmarking of national cancer incidence and mortality estimates for the year 2020, alongside recent mortality trends in the region.

Methods: The number of new cancer cases and deaths were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database developed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and mortality data over time from IARC's cancer mortality database, New cancer cases, deaths and corresponding age-standardized rates per 100,000 person-years are presented.

Progress, challenges and ways forward supporting cancer surveillance in Latin America.

Population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) are the only means to provide reliable incidence and survival data as a basis for policy-making and resource allocations within cancer care. Yet, less than 3% and 10% of the respective populations of Central America and South America are covered by high-quality cancer registries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development provides support to improve this situation via the International Agency for Research on Cancer Regional Hub for Latin America.

Quality of death certification in Colombia.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of the certification of general death and cancer in Colombia.

Methods: Validity indicators were described for each province and the cities of Bogotá, Cali, Manizales, Pasto and Bucaramanga. A factorial analysis of principal components was carried out in order to identify non-obvious relationships.

Breast and cervical cancer survival at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Colombia.

Objective: to provide and compare estimations of two-year overall survival for cervical and female breast cancer in three cohorts (first treated in 2007, 2010, 2012) at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología of Colombia.

Methods: All patients first treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología for breast or cervical cancer in the years 2007, 2010, 2012, without a prior cancer diagnosis, were included for the study. The hospital-based cancer registry was cross linked with governmental databases to obtain follow-up information on all patients.

Oncology services supply in Colombia.

Objective: To characterize the current status of oncological services supply in Colombia.

Methods: A descriptive analysis of oncological services for cancer care in the adult and infant population that meet the requirements for operation according to the Special Register of Health Service Providers was carried out. The case - by - provider ratio was calculated based on the cancer incidence estimated for Colombia by the National Cancer Institute.

Cancer incidence estimates and mortality for the top five cancer in Colombia, 2007-2011.

Objectives: To describe the incidence and mortality for the five main types of cancer in Colombia, from 2007-2011.

Methods: We estimated cases and cancer incidence rates standardised by age, based on incidence/mortality ratios; and we calculated the observed deaths and mortality rates standardised by age in Colombia, both differentiated by province, type of cancer and sex. Incidence estimates were generated based on information from four cancer population registries (Cali, Pasto, Bucaramanga and Manizales), published in , volume X, and the official mortality and population information of the National Administrative Province of Statistics (DANE, for its initials in Spanish).

Estimating the cost of operating cancer registries: Experience in Colombia.

Background: Maintaining population-based registries requires adequate and sustained resources; however, to date there has been no systematic evaluation to identify the resource needs for cancer registration in most countries, including Colombia. A systematic assessment of the costs can quantify the funding required and identify processes to improve efficiency of cancer registries.

Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) International Registry Costing Tool (IntRegCosting Tool) was tailored specifically for the Colombian registries and was used to collect resource use data from five regional population-based cancer registries: Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Cali, Manizales, and Pasto.

Time trends in educational inequalities in cancer mortality in Colombia, 1998-2012.

Objectives: To evaluate trends in premature cancer mortality in Colombia by educational level in three periods: 1998-2002 with low healthcare insurance coverage, 2003-2007 with rapidly increasing coverage and finally 2008-2012 with almost universal coverage (2008-2012).

Setting: Colombian population-based, national secondary mortality data.

Participants: We included all (n=188,091) cancer deaths occurring in the age group 20-64 years between 1998 and 2012, excluding only cases with low levels of quality of registration (n=2902, 1.

Gastric cancer survival and affiliation to health insurance in a middle-income setting.

Objective: To investigate whether health insurance affiliation and socioeconomic deprivation is associated with overall cause survival from gastric cancer in a middle-income country.

Methods: All patients resident in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area (Colombia) diagnosed with gastric cancer between 2003 and 2009 (n=1039), identified in the population-based cancer registry, were followed for vital status until 31/12/2013. Kaplan-Meier models provided crude survival estimates by health insurance regime (HIR) and social stratum (SS).

Trends in inequalities in premature cancer mortality by educational level in Colombia, 1998-2007.

Background: There is a paucity of studies on socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in developing countries. We examined trends in inequalities in cancer mortality by educational attainment in Colombia during a period of epidemiological transition and rapid expansion of health insurance coverage.

Methods: Population mortality data (1998-2007) were linked to census data to obtain age-standardised cancer mortality rates by educational attainment at ages 25-64 years for stomach, cervical, prostate, lung, colorectal, breast and other cancers.

Comprehensive assessment of population-based cancer registries: an experience in Colombia.

Background: In the global context, the establishment of population-based cancer registries, particularly in less developed regions, has become of strategic importance. The factors influencing the operation and sustainability of registries can be determinants for their success, despite the existence of uniform quality indicators in the cancer incidence information. Our objective was to determine the current state of the structure, organization and operation of populationbased cancer registries in Colombia, obtain information on their degree of development and identify specific problems that affect their operation and sustainability.

Data quality at population-based cancer registries in Colombia.

Introduction: Population-based cancer registries provide vital information for planning, prevention and cancer management. Information generated by the registries must be comprehensive, valid and comparable. Because of their importance, regular quality assessments are recommended.

[Analysis of mortality in pediatric acute leukemia at the National Cancer Institute].

Introduction: Mortality rate for childhood acute leukemia is an indicator of access to and efficacy of health services. Analysis of this indicator allows the identification of factors contributing to the development of the illness and the final condition of affected children.

Objective: The operative experience results were described from data obtained by committee of analysis of institutional mortality by childhood acute leukaemia.

Patterns and trends in cancer mortality in Colombia 1984-2008.

Background: Cancer has become increasingly acknowledged as a public health issue in Colombia. Rates of the most common malignancies have been generally increasing. We update an evaluation of mortality trends in the major cancers in Colombia one decade ago, discussing the trends in the context of cancer control.

TNFR-associated factor 2 deficiency in B lymphocytes predisposes to chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma in mice.

We have previously shown that transgenic (tg) mice expressing in B lymphocytes both BCL-2 and a TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) mutant lacking the really interesting new gene and zinc finger domains (TRAF2DN) develop small lymphocytic lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia with high incidence (Zapata et al. 2004. Proc.

[Colombian death certificate quality, 2002-2006].

Objective: Mortality study is useful for the estimation of cancer incident cases; but a quality assessment of the mortality information is required previous to the process of cancer incidence estimation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of death-certification in Colombia.

Materials And Methods: Overall quality of death certification and quality of cancer mortality certification was analyzed for the period 2002-2006.

[Physical activity in adolescents of five Colombian cities: Results of the Global Youth Health Survey].

Objectives: In Colombia, chronic diseases represent a significant health burden. The promotion of physical activity has demonstrated effectiveness in terms of their control. The surveillance of physical activity levels in different age groups permits the design of specific interventions, monitoring and evaluation.

[Teenage tobacco consumption in five Colombian cities].

Introduction: The consumption of tobacco is a public health problem around the world. In Colombia, each year approximately 17,000 deaths are attributed to smoking. The monitoring of tobacco consumption is necessary to estimate population risk for chronic diseases and cancer.

[Survival analysis of cervical cancer patients].

Introduction: Uterine cervical cancer is the first cause of incidence and mortality in Colombian women. Nearly 10% of all the cases in the country are treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Evaluation of the institutional success rates is suggested.

Results of global youth tobacco surveys in public schools in Bogotá, Colombia.

Background: The purpose of this paper is to use data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) conducted in Bogotá, Colombia, in 2001 and 2007 to examine changes in tobacco use among youth 13-15 years of age. The current tobacco control effort in Bogotá will be accessed relative to Colombia ratifying the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in 2008.

Methods: GYTS was implemented in public schools in Bogotá, Colombia, by the Colombian National Cancer Institute.