Effective Treatment against ESBL-Producing through Synergism of the Photodynamic Activity of Re (I) Compounds with Beta-Lactams.

Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase (KPC) producing are multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) with the highest risk to human health. The significant reduction of new antibiotics development can be overcome by complementing with alternative therapies, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDI). Through photosensitizer (PS) compounds, aPDI produces local oxidative stress-activated by light (photooxidative stress), nonspecifically killing bacteria.

Effective Photodynamic Therapy with Ir(III) for Virulent Clinical Isolates of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase .

Background: The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) is one of the leading causes of health-associated infections (HAIs), whose antibiotic treatments have been severely reduced. Moreover, HAI bacteria may harbor pathogenic factors such as siderophores, enzymes, or capsules, which increase the virulence of these strains. Thus, new therapies, such as antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI), are needed.

Grapevine Pathogenic Microorganisms: Understanding Infection Strategies and Host Response Scenarios.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit crop worldwide. Commercial cultivars are greatly affected by a large number of pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases during pre- and/or post-harvest periods, affecting production, processing and export, along with fruit quality.

[An outbreak of human rabies transmitted by a cat in the town of Santander de Quilichao, Colombia, 2008].

Objectives: A sylvatic rabies outbreak during March 2008 caused two human deaths in the town of Santander de Quilichao in Cauca, Colombia. This article describes the diagnostic laboratory techniques used, the field investigation and focus control used, as well as this outbreak's epidemiological significance and implications for public health.

Methods: Rabies was diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence, biological tests involving inoculating mice, histopathology and immunohistochemistry and then typed by using monoclonal antibodies.

[Molecular epidemiology of rabies epizootics in Colombia, 1994-2002: evidence of human and canine rabies associated with chiroptera].

Three urban rabies outbreaks have been reported in Colombia during the last two decades, one of which is ongoing in the Caribbean region (northern Colombia). The earlier outbreaks occurred almost simultaneously in Arauca (eastern Colombia) and in the Central region, ending in 1997. Phylogenetic relationships among rabies viruses isolated from the three areas were based on a comparison of cDNA fragments coding for the endodomain of protein G and a fragment of L protein obtained by RT-PCR.

Molecular epidemiology of rabies epizootics in Colombia: evidence for human and dog rabies associated with bats.

Three urban rabies outbreaks have been reported in Colombia during the last two decades, one of these is occurring in the Caribbean Region (northern Colombia), while the other two occurred almost simultaneously in Arauca (eastern Colombia) and in the Central Region and ended in 1997. In order to derive phylogenetic relationships between rabies viruses isolated in these three areas, 902 nt cDNA fragments encoding the cytoplasmic domain of protein G and a fragment of protein L were obtained by RT-PCR. These amplicons contained the G-L intergenic region and were sequenced to draw phylogenetic trees.