BVDV-1 induces interferon-beta gene expression through a pathway involving IRF1, IRF7, and NF-κB activation.

The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) is a pathogen with the capacity to modulate the interferon type I system. To further investigate the effects of BVDV-1 on the production of the immune response, the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line was infected with the cytopathic CH001 field isolate of BVDV-1, and the IFNbeta expression profiles were analyzed. The results showed that cpBVDV-1 was able to induce the production of IFNbeta in a way similar to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, but with less intensity.

Prolactin peptide (pPRL) induces anti-prolactin antibodies, ROS and cortisol but suppresses specific immune responses in rainbow trout.

Prolactin has several immune functions in fish however, the effects on innate and specific components of rainbow trout immunity are currently unknown. Therefore in this study, prolactin peptide (pPRL) injection in rainbow trout generated anti-PRL antibodies that were confirmed through Western blot assays of fish brain tissue extract. At the same time, this group of fish was immunized with a viral antigen (VP2) and the specific antibody titer generated by the rainbow trout was subsequently determined, as well as the sero-neutralizing capacity of the antibodies.