Harmonic voiding urosonography with a second-generation contrast agent for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux.

Background: Voiding urosonography with harmonic imaging (VUS HI) has been introduced as a sensitive and radiation-free imaging method for the diagnosis and follow-up of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of VUS HI using a second-generation US contrast agent compared to standard voiding cystourethrography (VCUG).

Materials And Methods: A total of 228 children with 463 kidney-ureter units (KUUs) underwent two cycles of VUS HI and two cycles of VCUG at the same session.