Primary-lobe-based trilobed and quadrilobed flaps for reconstruction of nasal tip skin defects.

Background: Despite a variety of principles proposed for drawing trilobed and quadrilobed flaps for the reconstruction of nasal skin defects, the application of these principles in a detailed and reliable way remains questionable.

Methods: We present a novel method for drawing trilobed and quadrilobed flaps to cover nasal tip skin defects. The method is based on the use of templates corresponding to four trilobed flaps with overall angles of 60°, 70°, 80°, and 90°, and two quadrilobed flaps with angles of 90° and 105°.

Gastrocnemius muscle flap of both heads on a single vascular pedicle.

We present a case of a muscle flap of both heads of gastrocnemius on a single vascular pedicle for reconstruction of a tibial defect. The flap was based on the medial sural vessels alone. The vascular supply to the lateral head was achieved through the anastomotic vessels along the gastrocnemial raphe.

The dorsal reverse adipofascial flap for fingertip reconstruction.

Nine patients who presented with fingertip amputations were treated with the dorsal reverse adipofascial flap. The mean age of the patients was 41.3 years and the mean follow-up was 18 months.

The biceps femoris short head muscle flap: an experimental anatomical study.

The vascular communication between the heads of the biceps femoris muscle has been established after 25 cadaveric dissections. Perfusions of dye through the long or the short head consistently showed 1-2 anastomotic bundles. Outflow of dye opposite to the site of the perfused head was remarkable in most cases.