Preoperative Neurofilament Light Associated With Postoperative Delirium in Hip Fracture Repair Patients Without Dementia.

Background: Delirium commonly occurs in older adults following surgery; although its pathophysiology is not fully understood, underlying neurodegeneration is a risk factor.

Objective: Examine the association of preoperative levels of markers of neuronal damage, neurofilament light (NfL) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), with postoperative delirium.

Methods: Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were obtained from 158 patients undergoing hip fracture repair and enrolled in the clinical trial "A STrategy to Reduce the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients.

Promoting Independence Through Quality Dementia Care at Home (PITCH): An Australian Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating a Dementia Training Program for Home Care Workers.

Objectives: The primary aim of this pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster RCT was to determine the efficacy of a co-designed dementia specialist training program (the PITCH program) for home care workers (HCWs) to improve their confidence and knowledge when providing care for clients living with dementia.

Methods: HCWs who provided care to clients with dementia were recruited from seven home care service provider organisations in Australia between July 2019 and May 2022, and randomised into one of 18 clusters. The primary outcome was HCW's sense of self-competence in providing care services to people living with dementia at 6 months post PITCH training measured by the Sense of Competence in Dementia Care Staff (SCIDS) Scale.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and white matter hyperintensities in older adults without dementia.

Objective: We aimed to examine associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) status in older adults without dementia under the hypothesis that WMH increased the odds of having NPS.

Design: Longitudinal analysis of data acquired from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set.

Settings: Data were derived from 46 National Institute on Aging - funded Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers.

Generation and Characterization of a Human-Derived and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Line from an Alzheimer's Disease Patient with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms.

Agitation is one of the most eminent characteristics of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) affecting people living with Alzheimer's and Dementia and has serious consequences for patients and caregivers. The current consensus is that agitation results, in part, from the disruption of ascending monoamine regulators of cortical circuits, especially the loss of serotonergic activity. It is believed that the first line of treatment for these conditions is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), but these are effective in only about 40% of patients.

WarpDrive: Improving spatial normalization using manual refinements.

Spatial normalization-the process of mapping subject brain images to an average template brain-has evolved over the last 20+ years into a reliable method that facilitates the comparison of brain imaging results across patients, centers & modalities. While overall successful, sometimes, this automatic process yields suboptimal results, especially when dealing with brains with extensive neurodegeneration and atrophy patterns, or when high accuracy in specific regions is needed. Here we introduce WarpDrive, a novel tool for manual refinements of image alignment after automated registration.

Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Aging Among Cognitively Impaired Versus Unimpaired Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: Sleep disorders often predict or co-occur with cognitive decline. Yet, little is known about how the relationship unfolds among older adults at risk for cognitive decline. To examine the associations of sleep disorders with cognitive decline in older adults with unimpaired cognition or impaired cognition (mild cognitive impairment and dementia).

Endogenous and Exogenous Thyrotoxicosis and Risk of Incident Cognitive Disorders in Older Adults.

Importance: Thyroid hormone is among the most common prescriptions in the US and up to 20% may be overtreated. Endogenous hyperthyroidism may be a risk factor for dementia, but data are limited for iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis.

Objective: To determine whether thyrotoxicosis, both endogenous and exogenous, is associated with increased risk of cognitive disorders.

Comparative assessment of Alzheimer's disease-related biomarkers in plasma and neuron-derived extracellular vesicles: a nested case-control study.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently defined according to biomarkers reflecting the core underlying neuropathological processes: Aβ deposition, Tau, and neurodegeneration (ATN). The soluble phase of plasma and plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) are increasingly being investigated as sources of biomarkers. The aim of this study was to examine the comparative biomarker potential of these two biofluids, as well as the association between respective biomarkers.

Precision Medicine for Preventing Alzheimer's Disease: Analysis of the ADAPT Study.

Background: The Alzheimer's Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT) was the first-ever large-scale anti-inflammatory prevention trial targeting Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The overall goal of this study was to evaluate predictive blood biomarker profiles that identified individuals most likely to be responders on NSAID treatment or placebo at 12 and 24 months.

Methods: Baseline (n = 193) and 12-month (n = 562) plasma samples were assayed.

Excitatory Neurons Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Show Transcriptomic Differences in Alzheimer's Patients from Controls.

The recent advances in creating pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells and differentiating them into a variety of cell types is allowing us to study them without the caveats associated with disease-related changes. We generated induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from eight Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and six controls and used lentiviral delivery to differentiate them into excitatory glutamatergic neurons. We then performed RNA sequencing on these neurons and compared the Alzheimer's and control transcriptomes.

Utility of amyloid PET Imaging in a Memory Clinic.

There is greater interest in amyloid biomarker for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) with the recent Food and Drug Administration approval of amyloid-targeted therapy. The goal of this study was to assess the clinical utility of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) in clinically ambiguous cases of cognitive impairment by examining outcomes of patients enrolled in the Imaging Dementia-Evidence of Amyloid Scanning study at 2 academic institutions. Of the 112 patients in the study, 66.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease: An Anatomic-Genetic Framework for Treatment Development.

Background: Despite the burden on patients and caregivers, there are no approved therapies for the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (NPS-AD). This is likely due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

Objective: To review the neurobiological mechanisms of NPS-AD, including depression, psychosis, and agitation.

Malnutrition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: the Cache County Dementia Progression Study.

Objectives: Among people with dementia, poor nutritional status has been associated with worse cognitive and functional decline, but few studies have examined its association with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). We examined this topic in a population-based sample of persons with dementia.

Design: Longitudinal, observational cohort study.

The glymphatic system's role in traumatic brain injury-related neurodegeneration.

In at least some individuals who suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI), there exists a risk of future neurodegenerative illness. This review focuses on the association between the brain-based paravascular drainage pathway known as the "glymphatic system" and TBI-related neurodegeneration. The glymphatic system is composed of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flowing into the brain parenchyma along paravascular spaces surrounding penetrating arterioles where it mixes with interstitial fluid (ISF) before being cleared along paravenous drainage pathways.

Association of common infections with cognitive performance in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study follow-up.

Introduction: Growing evidence suggests that some common infections are causally associated with cognitive impairment; however, less is known about the burden of multiple infections.

Methods: We investigated the cross-sectional association of positive antibody tests for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Toxoplasma gondii (TOX) with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and delayed verbal recall performance in 575 adults aged 41-97 from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.

Results: In multivariable-adjusted zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models, positive antibody tests for CMV (p = .

Economic Analysis of the Tailored Activity Program: A Nonpharmacological Approach to Improve Quality of Life in People Living With Dementia and their Caregivers.

We investigated costs of delivering the Tailored Activity Program (TAP) and cost savings from two perspectives (health sector and societal) for people living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers (dyads) compared to attention control (AC) using data from a randomized controlled trial. The evaluation assessed intervention delivery costs and caregiver reported health care utilization. The total intervention cost of TAP was $1707/dyad versus $864/dyad for AC, and total costs over 6 months for TAP dyads as compared to AC were $1299 (CI: -$10,496, $7898) less from the healthcare perspective, and $761 (CI: -$10,133, $8611) less from the societal perspective.

Outcome measures for Alzheimer's disease: A global inter-societal Delphi consensus.

Introduction: We aim to provide guidance on outcomes and measures for use in patients with Alzheimer's clinical syndrome.

Methods: A consensus group of 20 voting members nominated by 10 professional societies, and a non-voting chair, used a Delphi approach and modified GRADE criteria.

Results: Consensus was reached on priority outcomes (n = 66), measures (n = 49) and statements (n = 37) across nine domains.