Direct Observation of Competing M1 and M3 Transitions in ^{10}B.

Excited states in ^{10}B were populated with the ^{10}B(p,p^{'}γ)^{10}B^{*} reaction at 8.5 MeV and their γ decay was investigated via coincidence γ-ray spectroscopy. The emitted γ rays were measured using large-volume LaBr_{3}:Ce and CeBr_{3} detectors placed in anti-Compton shields.

Probiotics as a strategy for addressing helminth infections in low-income countries: Working smarter rather than richer.

Helminth infections, which affect approximately 1.5 billion individuals worldwide (mainly children), are common in low- and middle-income tropical countries and can lead to various diseases. One crucial factor affecting the occurrence of these diseases is the reduced diversity of the gut microbiome due to antibiotic use.

Antitumor and antibacterial activity of metabolites of endophytic Colletotrichum siamense isolated from coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv IAPAR-59).

Endophytic fungi produce a range of known metabolites and several others, not yet explored, which present important biological activities from the pharmaceutical and industrial perspective. Several studies have reported the diversity of endophytes in Coffea arabica plants, although few have been described in organic cultures. In the current paper, we describe the chemical profile of specialized metabolites in the ethyl acetate phase in a strain of the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum siamense associated with coffee (Coffea arabica L.

Training level reveals a dynamic dialogue between stress and memory systems in birds.

Chronic stress profoundly affects forms of declarative memory, such as spatial memory, while it may spare non-declarative memory, such as cue-based memory. It is known, however, that the effects of chronic stress on memory systems may vary according to the level of training of an individual was submitted. Here, we investigated, in birds, how chronic stress impact spatial and cue-based memories according to training level.

Dyselectrolytemia-management and implications in hemodialysis (Review).

Hemodialysis is a method for the renal replacement therapy followed by series of acute and chronic complications. Dyselectrolytemia appears in patients undergoing dialysis through mechanisms related to the chronic kidney disease and/or to the dialysis therapy and for this group of patients it is associated with an increase of morbidity and mortality. The dialysate has a standard composition, which can be modified according to the patient's characteristics.

Effects of tryptophan and probiotic supplementation on growth and behavior in quail.

In laying hens, a diet supplemented with tryptophan (Trp) has been shown to affect their pecking behavior. However, unlike this positive effect, Trp is also involved in negative effects on behavior and stress through indolic pathways. Indole production can be reduced by probiotics (Pro), thus we hypothesized that Pro may prevent negative effects of Trp and increase beneficial effects on behavior in birds.

Emotionality modulates the impact of chronic stress on memory and neurogenesis in birds.

Chronic stress is a strong modulator of cognitive processes, such as learning and memory. There is, however, great within-individual variation in how an animal perceives and reacts to stressors. These differences in coping with stress modulate the development of stress-induced memory alterations.

Research Note: Role of the hippocampus in spatial memory in Japanese quail.

The Japanese quail is a powerful model to characterize behavioral, physiological, and neurobiological processes in Galliformes. Behavioral tests have already been adapted for quail to assess memory systems, but despite the pivotal role of the hippocampus in this cognitive process, its involvement in spatial memory has not been demonstrated in this species. In this study, lesions were created in the hippocampus of Japanese quail, and both lesioned and control quail were tested for spatial and cue-based learning performances.

Plastic pollution on the Mediterranean coastline: Generating fit-for-purpose data to support decision-making via a participatory-science initiative.

Plastic pollution is a global problem and reliable, coherent and comparable data are essential for targeted mitigation strategies. Throughout the years Mediterranean NGOs have significantly contributed to providing data and information on the temporal and spatial distribution of marine litter found stranded on beaches; thus participatory-science campaigns are an essential tool to fill in the marine litter knowledge gaps. The present study reports the findings of beach litter surveys carried out by 7 NGOs in 23 sites along the coastline of the Mediterranean.

Incidence and risk factors for gangrene in patients with systemic sclerosis from the EUSTAR cohort.

Objective: In patients with SSc, peripheral vasculopathy can promote critical ischaemia and gangrene. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, incidence and risk factors for gangrene in the EUSTAR cohort.

Methods: We included patients from the EUSTAR database fulfilling the ACR 1980 or the ACR/EULAR 2013 classification criteria for SSc, with at least one visit recording data on gangrene.

Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions.

The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum (0.4 View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Brain mapping of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone-related peptide 2 with a novel antibody suggests a connection with emotional reactivity in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica, Temminck & Schlegel, 1849).

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a neuropeptide first discovered in the quail brain that is involved in the control of reproductive physiology and behaviors, and stress response. GnIH gene encodes a second peptide, GnIH-related peptide-2 (RP2), the distribution and function of which remain unknown. We therefore studied GnIH-RP2 distribution by immunohistochemistry using a novel antibody capable of discriminating between GnIH and GnIH-RP2.

A trait for a high emotionality favors spatial memory to the detriment of cue-based memory in Japanese quail.

Recent studies provided evidence that a personality trait such as a trait for a high or a low emotionality can either promotes or impairs learning and memory performances. This variability can be partly explained because this trait may have opposite effect on memory performances depending on the memory system involved. The present study investigated in Japanese quail the relationships between emotionality and two forms of memory, spatial- memory and cue-based memory.

In situ anticaries efficacy of dentifrices with different formulations - A pooled analysis of results from three randomized clinical trials.

Objectives: Data generated from three similar in situ caries crossover studies presented the opportunity to conduct a pooled analysis to investigate how dentifrice formulations with different fluoride salts and combinations at concentrations of 1400-1450 ppm F, different abrasive systems and in some cases, carbomer (Carb), affect enamel caries lesion remineralization and fluoridation.

Methods: Subjects continuously wore modified partial dentures holding two gauze-covered partially-demineralized human enamel specimens for 14 days and brushed 2×/day with their assigned dentifrice: Study 1: sodium fluoride (NaF)/Carb/silica, NaF/silica, NaF + monofluorophosphate (MFP)/chalk; Study 2: NaF/Carb/silica, NaF + MFP/dical, amine fluoride (AmF)/silica; Study 3: NaF/Carb/silica, NaF + stannous fluoride (SnF)/silica/hexametaphosphate (HMP). All studies included Placebo (0 ppm F) and/or dose-response controls (675 ppm F as NaF [675F-NaF]) ±Carb.

Efficacy of an experimental 3% potassium nitrate mouthwash in providing long-term relief from dentin hypersensitivity: An 8-week randomized controlled study (Study 2).

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of an experimental mouthwash containing 3% potassium nitrate (KNO3) in the relief of dentin hypersensitivity when used as an adjunct to brushing with fluoride toothpaste compared with the use of the same toothpaste alone.

Methods: This was a randomized, two-treatment, examiner-blind, parallel-design single-center, 8-week study in healthy subjects with self-reported and clinically diagnosed dentin hypersensitivity. Subjects were randomized to receive either fluoride toothpaste plus 3.

An exploratory clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental dentifrice formulation in the relief of dentine hypersensitivity.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether addition of an octadecene/maleic anhydride copolymer (O/MA) to a potassium nitrate (KNO) dentifrice could facilitate delivery of potassium to dentine and enhance its efficacy in dentine hypersensitivity relief.

Methods: This was a randomised, examiner-blind, controlled, parallel group study in 139 healthy subjects with at ≥2 sensitive teeth. Assessment of dentine hypersensitivity to tactile (Yeaple probe) and evaporative (air) stimuli (Schiff Sensitivity Scale, visual analogue scale [VAS]) was carried out at baseline and after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks twice daily treatment with an experimental 5% KNO/3% O/MA dentifrice, a comparator 5% KNO dentifrice (active comparator), a 0% KNO/3% O/MA dentifrice (placebo) and a regular fluoride dentifrice (negative control).

Artificially Increased Yolk Hormone Levels and Neophobia in Domestic Chicks.

In birds there is compelling evidence that the development and expression of behavior is affected by maternal factors, particularly via variation in yolk hormone concentrations of maternal origin. In the present study we tested whether variation in yolk hormone levels lead to variation in the expression of neophobia in young domestic chicks. Understanding how the prenatal environment could predispose chicks to express fear-related behaviors is essential in order to propose preventive actions and improve animal welfare.

Measurements of Elliptic and Triangular Flow in High-Multiplicity 3He+Au Collisions at √(s(NN))=200 GeV.

We present the first measurement of elliptic (v(2)) and triangular (v(3)) flow in high-multiplicity (3)He+Au collisions at √(s(NN))=200  GeV. Two-particle correlations, where the particles have a large separation in pseudorapidity, are compared in (3)He+Au and in p+p collisions and indicate that collective effects dominate the second and third Fourier components for the correlations observed in the (3)He+Au system. The collective behavior is quantified in terms of elliptic v(2) and triangular v(3) anisotropy coefficients measured with respect to their corresponding event planes.

Yolk hormones influence in ovo chemosensory learning, growth, and feeding behavior in domestic chicks.

In this study, we assessed whether prenatal exposure to elevated yolk steroid hormones can influence in ovo chemosensory learning and the behavior of domestic chicks. We simulated a maternal environmental challenge by experimentally enhancing yolk progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol concentrations in hen eggs prior to incubation. The embryos from these hormones-treated eggs (HO) as well as sham embryos (O) that had received the vehicle-only were exposed to the odor of fish oil (menhaden) between embryonic Days 11 and 20.

Far-field perturbations of vortex patches.

In this paper I investigate the dynamics of vortex patches in the Yudovitch phase space. I derive an approximation for the evolution of the vorticity in the case of nested vortex patches with distant boundaries, and study its long-time behaviour.

Digital ulcers predict a worse disease course in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Objective: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease with high morbidity and significant mortality. There is a great need of predictors that would allow risk stratification of patients with SSc and ultimately initiation of treatment early enough to ensure optimal clinical results. In this study, we evaluated whether a history of digital ulcers (HDU) at presentation may be a predictor of vascular outcomes and of overall clinical worsening and death in patients with SSc.

Azimuthal-angle dependence of charged-pion-interferometry measurements with respect to second- and third-order event planes in Au+Au collisions at √[S(NN)]=200 GeV.

Charged-pion-interferometry measurements were made with respect to the second- and third-order event plane for Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV. A strong azimuthal-angle dependence of the extracted Gaussian-source radii was observed with respect to both the second- and third-order event planes. The results for the second-order dependence indicate that the initial eccentricity is reduced during the medium evolution, which is consistent with previous results.